原文链接:
http://www.eygle.com/faq/Use.Nid.to.Change.Your.dbname.htm
Nid是Oracle从9iR2开始提供的工具，可以用来更改数据库名称，而无需通过之前重建控制文件等繁琐方式.
需要说明的是，虽然这个工具来自9iR2，但是仍然可以被用于Oracle8i.
先看一下帮助:
C:\>nid -help DBNEWID: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production Copyright (c) 2001, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 关键字 说明 (默认值) ---------------------------------------------------- TARGET 用户名/口令 (无) DBNAME 新的数据库名 (无) LOGFILE 输出日志 (无) REVERT 还原失败的更改 否 SETNAME 仅设置新的数据库名 否 APPEND 附加至输出日志 否 HELP 显示这些消息 否
我们通过范例来看一下用法:
1．数据库当前设置
SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER ---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 9.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production SQL> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string eyglev global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string eyglev lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string oracle_trace_collection_name string oracle_trace_facility_name string oracled plsql_native_make_file_name string service_names string eyglev
2．Shutdown数据库
SQL> connect sys/orasys as sysdba Connected. SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down.
3．Startup mount
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
4. 使用NID更改
SQL> host Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\>nid target=sys/orasys dbname=eyglen DBNEWID: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to database EYGLEV (DBID=677189177) Control Files in database: E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL Change database ID and database name EYGLEV to EYGLEN? (Y/[N]) => Y Proceeding with operation Changing database ID from 677189177 to 3955758099 Changing database name from EYGLEV to EYGLEN Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL - modified Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL - modified Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL - modified Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\SYSTEM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\UNDOTBS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CWMLITE01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\DRSYS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\INDX01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\ODM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\TOOLS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\USERS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\XDB01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\EYGLE.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\TEMP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Database name changed to EYGLEN. Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting. Database ID for database EYGLEN changed to 3955758099. All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable. Shut down database and open with RESETLOGS option. Succesfully changed database name and ID. DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
5．Shutdown database
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
6．修改初始化参数文件、spfile文件（init.ora/spfile）
###########################################
instance_name=eyglen
#instance_name=eyglev
###########################################
db_domain=""
db_name=eyglen
# db_name=eyglev
###########################################
7．重建spfile文件
如果你没有使用spfile，当然无需重建，跳至8
SQL> startup pfile=E:\Oracle\admin\eyglen\pfile\init.ora ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes Fixed Size 453492 bytes Variable Size 109051904 bytes Database Buffers 25165824 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes ORA-01991: invalid password file 'e:\oracle\Ora9iR2\DATABASE\PWDeyglen.ORA' SQL> CREATE SPFILE='E:\Oracle\Ora9iR2\database\SPFILEEYGLEN.ORA' FROM 2 PFILE='E:\Oracle\admin\eyglen\pfile\init.ora'; File created.
8．重建口令文件
SQL> host
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>orapwd file=E:\Oracle\Ora9iR2\database\PWDeyglen.ORA password=oracle entries=5
9.shutdown数据库
如果不使用spfile,则可以跳至10
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
10．Startup mount,resetlogs打开
SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes Fixed Size 453492 bytes Variable Size 109051904 bytes Database Buffers 25165824 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open resetlogs 2 / Database altered. SQL>
11．修改后的参数
SQL> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string eyglen global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string eyglen lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string oracle_trace_collection_name string oracle_trace_facility_name string oracled plsql_native_make_file_name string service_names string eyglen
12．对数据库做个全备份
附：使用nid更改817的数据库
1． 更改前
SVRMGR> startup mount 已启动 ORACLE 实例。 系统全局区域合计有 61970460个字节 Fixed Size 75804个字节 Variable Size 17645568个字节 Database Buffers 44171264个字节 Redo Buffers 77824个字节 已装入数据库。 SVRMGR> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ----------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert 字符串 db_name 字符串 vilen global_names 布尔值 TRUE instance_name 字符串 vilen lock_name_space 字符串 log_file_name_convert 字符串 oracle_trace_collection_name 字符串 oracle_trace_facility_name 字符串 oracled service_names 字符串 vilen SVRMGR>
2． 修改
C:\>nid target=sys/orasys@vilen dbname=vilene DBNEWID: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to database VILEN (DBID=1535443189) Control Files in database: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL Change database ID and database name VILEN to VILENE? (Y/[N]) => Y Proceeding with operation Changing database ID from 1535443189 to 681857412 Changing database name from VILEN to VILENE Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL - modified Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL - modified Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL - modified Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\SYSTEM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\RBS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\USERS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\TEMP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\TOOLS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\INDX01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\EQSP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\PERFSTAT.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name Database name changed to VILENE. Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting. Database ID for database VILENE changed to 681857412. All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable. Shut down database and open with RESETLOGS option. Succesfully changed database name and ID. DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
3． 关闭数据库
SVRMGR> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开
已卸下数据库。
已关闭 ORACLE 实例。
4． 修改参数文件
db_name = "vilene"
#db_name = "vilen"
instance_name = vilene
#instance_name = vilen
5． 重建口令文件
C:\oracle\database>orapwd file=PWDvilen.ORA password=oracle entries=5
C:\oracle\database>
6． mount数据库
SVRMGR> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 61970460 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 17645568 bytes Database Buffers 44171264 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted.
7． 打开数据库
SVRMGR> alter database open resetlogs
2> /
Statement processed.
8． 修改后的参数
SVRMGR> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ----------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string vilene global_names boolean TRUE instance_name string vilene lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string oracle_trace_collection_name string oracle_trace_facility_name string oracled service_names string vilen
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