限制并方便用户输入

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限制并方便用户输入(2002/12/03 三金 版权所有)


    防止用户误输入是软件开发的一项必不可少的工作,除才之外,还要为用户
的使用提供最大方便。当然,我们可以利用或开发新的组件,以完成这些功能。
但是,在团队开发中,每个成员都用自己认为不错的组件开发自己所承担的模
块,会给软件的后期维护带来麻烦。交工的时候,项目负责人可不买你的帐。如
果你用函数调用来完成这些功能,老盖也管不着。下面就是针对常用delphi组件
的限制用户输入函数,但愿网友们能用的上。
(一)TEdit、TDBEdit、TComboBox、TDBComboBox的输入
分三种类型限制:
(1)任意输入
(2)整数输入
(3)浮点数输入
限制的项目如下:
(1)整数输入只能输入数字0-9、+、-
(2)浮点输入只能输入数字0-9、+、-、.
(3)+和-只能有其一,并且只能出现在最前面
(4).只能有一个
(5)限制小数位数
函数如下:
procedure MxFormatKeyPress(Text:string;SelStart,SelLength:integer;
        var Key:Char;EditType:integer;Digits:integer);
begin
  if (Key=#27) or (Key=#8) or (EditType=1) then exit;
  if EditType=2 then
    if not (Key in ['0'..'9','+','-'] ) then Key:=#0;
  if EditType=3 then
    if not (Key in ['0'..'9','+','-','.'] ) then Key:=#0;
  //控制+-
  if (Key ='-') or (Key='+' ) then begin
    if ((Pos('-',Text) > 0) or (Pos('+',Text) > 0 )) and
            (SelLength=0 ) then Key:=#0;
    if SelStart > 0 then Key:=#0;
  end;
  //控制.
  if (Key = '.') and (EditType=3 ) then begin
    if (Pos('.',Text) > 0) and (not((SelStart

=Pos('.',Text) ))) then Key:=#0;
    if SelStart=0 then Key:=#0;
    if (Digits>0) and (SelStart+SelLength0) and (EditType=3) then
    if (pos('.',Text )>0 ) and (SelStart>=pos('.',Text)) then
      if length(Text)-pos('.',Text )>=Digits then Key:=#0;
end;

此函数在所限制组件的OnKeyPress事件中调用。Key即为OnKeyPress携带的
Key:Char参数;EditType为限制的类型:1-任意输入;2-整数输入;3-浮点输入;
Digits为浮点数输入时小数的位数,如果是零,则可输入任意位数。另外,此
函数只适用于有Text、SelStart、SelLength等属性的TWinControl类的派生类。
具体限制各组件的二级函数如下:

限制TEdit、TDBEdit:
procedure MxFormatEditKeyPress(Edit:TCustomEdit;var Key:Char;EditType:integer;
        Digits:integer);
begin
  MxFormatKeyPress(Edit.Text,Edit.SelStart,Edit.SelLength,Key,EditType,Digits);
end;

限制TComboBox:
procedure MxFormatComboKeyPress(Combo:TComboBox;var Key:Char;EditType:integer;
        Digits:integer);
begin
  MxFormatKeyPress(Combo.Text,Combo.SelStart,Combo.SelLength,Key,EditType,Digits);
end;

限制TDBComboBox:
procedure MxFormatDBComboKeyPress(Combo:TDBComboBox;var Key:Char;
        EditType:integer;Digits:integer);
begin
  MxFormatKeyPress(Combo.Text,Combo.SelStart,Combo.SelLength,Key,EditType,Digits);
end;

调用示例:
假如Form1上有一ComboBox1,让用户只输入浮点数,并且小数位数为两位。则
可以在ComboBox1的OnKeyPress事件中调用上面的函数,代码如下:
procedure TForm1.ComboBox1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char);
begin
  MxFormatComboKeyPress(Combobox1,Key,3,0);
end;

如果你的窗体上有多各TComboBox,并且限制类型一致,则不必每个TComboBox都
书写代码,只需为其中一个编写事件处理代码,其它作连接即可。
procedure TForm1.ComboBox1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char);
begin
  MxFormatComboKeyPress(Sender as TComboBox,Key,3,0);
end;
其它组件调用方法同上。

(二)时间的输入
限制类型:
(1)时分
(2)时分秒
组件采用TMaskEdit,数据敏感采用TDBEdit。
限制项目如下:
(1)小时只能输入0-23
(2)分钟不超过59
(3)秒不超过59
(4)用户只能全删,而不能只删某一位数据
(5)箭头键可以更改时间
需要在组件的OnKeyPress和OnKeyDown事件中分别书写代码。

procedure MxFormatTimeKeyPress(ctl:TCustomMaskEdit;TimeFormat:integer;
        var Key:Char;dts:TDataSource);
var
  TextSave:string;
  EditingPos:integer;//1-h 2-m 3-s
  i:integer;
  NumChars:set of Char;
  SelStartSave,SelLengthSave:integer;
  CharValid:boolean;
begin
  NumChars:=['0'..'9'];
  if Key=^V then Key:=#0;
  if not (Key in NumChars ) then exit;
  TextSave:=ctl.Text;
  SelStartSave:=ctl.SelStart;
  SelLengthSave:=ctl.SelLength;
  case ctl.SelStart of
    0,1: EditingPos:=1;
    3,4: EditingPos:=2;
    6,7: EditingPos:=3;
    else EditingPos:=0;
  end;
  ///////////////////////////////////////
  CharValid:=true;
  case EditingPos of
    1: begin
      if SelStartSave=0 then begin
        if not (Key in ['0'..'2']) then CharValid := False;
        if (Key ='2' )  and (TextSave[2] in ['4'..'9']) then
          CharValid:=false;
      end;
      if (SelStartSave = 1) and (TextSave[1] = '2') and
              (not (Key in ['0'..'3'])) then CharValid := False;
    end;
    2: if (SelStartSave = 3) and not (Key in ['0'..'5']) then CharValid := False;
    3: if (SelStartSave = 6) and not (Key in ['0'..'5']) then CharValid := False;
  end;
  if not CharValid then begin
    Key:=#0;exit;
  end;
  if dts<>nil then dts.DataSet.Edit;
  if not (SelStartSave in [2,5]) then TextSave[SelStartSave+1]:=Key;
  if SelLengthSave>1 then begin
    for i:=SelStartSave+2 to SelStartSave+SelLengthSave do
      if i in [1,2,4,5,7,8] then TextSave[i]:='0';
    SelLengthSave:=1;
  end;
  for i:=1 to length(TextSave) do
    if (i in [1,2,4,5,7,8]) and (not (TextSave[i] in NumChars ) ) then
      TextSave[i]:='0';
  ////////////////////////////////////
  if SelStartSave in [1,4] then
    SelStartSave :=SelStartSave+2
  else if SelStartSave=length(TextSave)-1 then
    SelStartSave :=SelStartSave
  else SelStartSave :=SelStartSave+1;
  /////////////////////////////////////
  ctl.Text :=TextSave;
  ctl.SelStart :=SelStartSave;
  ctl.SelLength :=SelLengthSave;
  Key:=#0;
end;

//此函数分割时间,因为有时候会遇到非法的时间字符串,所以不采用DecodeTime。
function MxSplitStr(SourceStr,SplitStr:string;var ResultArray:array of string):integer;
var
  i:integer;
  strTmp:string;
begin
  strTmp:=SourceStr;
  i:=0;
  while pos(SplitStr,strTmp)>0 do begin
    ResultArray[i]:=copy(strTmp,1,pos(SplitStr,strTmp)-1);
    strTmp:=copy(strTmp,pos(SplitStr,strTmp)+length(SplitStr),length(strTmp)-
        pos(SplitStr,strTmp));
    i:=i+1;
  end;
  ResultArray[i]:=strTmp;
  result:=i+1;
end;
//此函数检查字符串是否为合法的时间
function TimeValid(TimeStr:string;TimeFormat:integer):boolean;
var
h,m,s:string;
ary:array[0..2] of string;
SplitRet:integer;
i:integer;
begin
  result:=true;
  SplitRet:=MxSplitStr(TimeStr,':',ary);
  if SplitRet<2 then begin
    result:=false; exit;
  end;
  for i:=0 to 2 do begin
    if length(ary[i])>2 then begin
      result:=false; exit;
    end;
    ary[i]:=trim(ary[i]);
  end;
  h:=ary[0];m:=ary[1];
  if TimeFormat=3 then s:=ary[2];
  ///////////////////////////////
  if (h='') or (strtoint(h)>23 ) then begin
    result:=false; exit;
  end;
  if (m='' ) or (strtoint(m)>59) then begin
    result:=false; exit;
  end;
  if (TimeFormat=3) then
    if (s='') or (strtoint(s)>59) then begin
      result:=false; exit;
    end;
end;
//此函数对时分秒进行加减运算
function IncTime(ATime: TDateTime; Hours, Minutes, Seconds,
  MSecs: Integer): TDateTime;
begin
  Result := ATime + (Hours div 24) + (((Hours mod 24) * 3600000 +
    Minutes * 60000 + Seconds * 1000 + MSecs) / MSecsPerDay);
  if Result < 0 then Result := Result + 1;
end;
//时分秒加减运算的二级函数
function TimeAdd(TimeStr:string;TimeFormat:integer;
        HStep,MStep,SStep:integer):string;
var
  dt:Tdatetime;
begin
  if not TimeValid(TimeStr,TimeFormat) then
    if TimeFormat=2 then begin result:='00:00'; exit; end
    else begin result:='00:00:00';exit; end;
  dt:=strtotime(TimeStr);
  if TimeFormat=2 then
    result:=FormatDateTime('hh:mm',IncTime(dt,HStep,MStep,SStep,0))
  else
    result:=FormatDateTime('hh:mm:ss',IncTime(dt,HStep,MStep,SStep,0))
end;
//限制组件的OnKeyDown
procedure MxFormatTimeKeyDown(ctl:TCustomMaskEdit;TimeFormat:integer;
        var Key:word;Shift: TShiftState;dts:TDataSource);
var
  TextSave:string;
  SelStartSave,SelLengthSave:integer;
  EditingPos:integer;//1-h 2-m 3-s
  i:integer;
begin
  if (ssShift in Shift) and (Key<>vk_delete ) then exit;
  if not (Key in [vk_delete,vk_back,vk_up,vk_down] ) then exit;
  if (dts<>nil ) and (not dts.DataSet.Active  ) then exit;
  if (dts<>nil) and (not dts.DataSet.Modified ) then
    dts.DataSet.Edit;
  //////////////////////////////////////
  TextSave:=ctl.Text;
  SelStartSave:=ctl.SelStart;
  SelLengthSave:=ctl.SelLength;
  case SelStartSave of
    0,1: EditingPos:=1;
    3,4: EditingPos:=2;
    6,7: EditingPos:=3;
    else EditingPos:=0;
  end;
  if SelStartSave=length(TextSave) then
    EditingPos:=TimeFormat;
  if Key=vk_delete then begin
    if SelLengthSave=length(TextSave) then TextSave:=''
    else begin
      if not (SelStartSave in [2,5]) then TextSave[SelStartSave+1]:='0';
      if SelLengthSave>1 then begin
        for i:=SelStartSave+2 to SelStartSave+SelLengthSave do
          if i in [1,2,4,5,7,8] then TextSave[i]:='0';
        SelLengthSave:=1;
      end;
    end;
    Key:=0;
  end;
  if Key=vk_back then begin
    if SelLengthSave=length(TextSave) then TextSave:=''
    else if SelLengthSave<=1 then begin
      if not (SelStartSave in [3,6]) then begin
        TextSave[SelStartSave]:='0';
        SelStartSave:=SelStartSave-1;
      end else begin
        TextSave[SelStartSave-1]:='0';
        SelStartSave:=SelStartSave-2;
      end;
      SelLengthSave:=1;
    end else begin
      for i:=SelStartSave+1 to SelStartSave+SelLengthSave do
        if i in [1,2,4,5,7,8] then TextSave[i]:='0';
      SelLengthSave:=1;
    end;
    Key:=0;
  end;
  ///////////////////////////////////////
  if (Key=vk_up) or (Key=vk_down ) then begin
    if trim(TextSave)=':' then begin
      if TimeFormat=2 then TextSave:='00:00'
      else TextSave:='00:00:00'
    end else begin
      if Key=vk_up then
        case EditingPos of
          1: TextSave:=TimeAdd(TextSave,TimeFormat,1,0,0);
          2: TextSave:=TimeAdd(TextSave,TimeFormat,0,1,0);
          3: TextSave:=TimeAdd(TextSave,TimeFormat,0,0,1);
        end;
      if Key=vk_down then
        case EditingPos of
          1: TextSave:=TimeAdd(TextSave,TimeFormat,-1,0,0);
          2: TextSave:=TimeAdd(TextSave,TimeFormat,0,-1,0);
          3: TextSave:=TimeAdd(TextSave,TimeFormat,0,0,-1);
        end;
    end;
  end;
  ///////////////////////////////////////
  ctl.Text :=TextSave;
  ctl.SelStart :=SelStartSave;
  ctl.SelLength :=SelLengthSave;
end;
以上函数的TimeFormat参数代表时间的类型:1-时:分;2-时:分:秒
要完成对时间的输入限制,只需调用上面的MxFormatTimeKeyPress,
MxFormatTimeKeyDown两个函数。
调用示例:
(1)TMaskEdit
procedure TForm1.MaskEdit1KeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word;
  Shift: TShiftState);
begin
  MxFormatTimeKeyDown(Sender as TCustomMaskEdit,2,Key,Shift,nil);
end;

procedure TForm1.MaskEdit1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char);
begin
  MxFormatTimeKeyPress(Sender as TCustomMaskEdit,2,Key,nil);
end;
并且,TMaskEdit的EditMask属性设为'99:99'
(2)TDBEdit

procedure TForm1.DBEdit1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char);
begin
  MxFormatTimeKeyPress(Sender as TCustomMaskEdit,2,Key,(Sender as TDBEdit).DataSource);
end;

procedure TForm1.DBEdit1KeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word;
  Shift: TShiftState);
begin
  MxFormatTimeKeyDown(Sender as TCustomMaskEdit,2,Key,Shift,(Sender as TDBEdit).DataSource);
end;
在TDBEdit所连接的数据源打开后,设定所连字段的EditMask属性为99:99:
  DBEdit1.Field.EditMask :='99:99';

(三)日期的输入
采用Rx的日期组件TDateEdit、TDBDateEdit。如果你还没安装,请在本站下载。
无需对日期的输入作限制,只需方便用户的输入。即:箭头键可以改变相应的
日期元素,因为Rx五次功能。函数如下:
procedure MxSpinRxDateEdit(Edit:TCustomDateEdit;Key:word;Shift:TShiftState;
        dts:TDataSource);
var
  DateStr,Mark,str:string;
  MarkPos1,MarkPos2:integer;
  DateOrd:TDateOrder;
  DateFlag,step:integer;
  OldSelStart:integer;
begin
  if Shift<>[] then exit;
  if not (Key in [vk_up,vk_down] ) then exit;
  if (dts<>nil ) and (not dts.DataSet.Active  ) then exit;
  if (dts<>nil ) and (not dts.DataSet.Modified) then
    dts.DataSet.Edit;
  OldSelStart:=Edit.SelStart;
  DateStr:=Edit.EditText;
  Mark:=GetDateMark(DateStr);
  MarkPos1:=pos(Mark,DateStr);
  str:=copy(DateStr,MarkPos1+1,length(DateStr)-MarkPos1);
  MarkPos2:=MarkPos1+pos(Mark,str);
  DateOrd:=GetDateOrder(ShortDateFormat);
  DateFlag:=GetDateFlag(MarkPos1,MarkPos2,Edit.SelStart,DateOrd);
  if Key=vk_up then step:=1
  else if Key=vk_down then step:=-1
  else step:=0;
  case DateFlag of
    1: Edit.Date := IncYear(Edit.Date ,step);
    2: Edit.Date := IncMonth(Edit.Date ,step);
    3: Edit.Date := IncDay(Edit.Date ,step);
  end;
  Edit.SelStart :=OldSelStart;
end;

此函数在组件的OnKeyDown事件中调用,对于TDateEdit,DataSoure参数为nil。
记着引用Rx的单元ToolEdit和DateUtil。
调用示例:
procedure TForm1.DateEdit1KeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word;
  Shift: TShiftState);
begin
  MxSpinRxDateEdit(Sender as TCustomDateEdit,Key,Shift,nil);
end;

procedure TForm1.DBDateEdit1KeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word;
  Shift: TShiftState);
begin
  MxSpinRxDateEdit(Sender as TCustomDateEdit,Key,Shift,(Sender as TDBDateEdit).DataSource);
end;

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