如何得到硬盘序列号？.NET版本[C#]

硬盘序列号（Serial Number）不等于卷标号（Volume Name），后者虽然很容易得到，但是格式化分区后就会重写，不可靠。遗憾的是很多朋友往往分不清这一点。

要得到硬盘的物理序列号，可以通过WMI，也就是Win32_PhysicalMedia.SerialNumber。可惜的是Windows 98/ME的WMI并不支持这个类，访问时会出现异常。

受陆麟的例子的启发，我们还可以通过S.M.A.R.T.接口，直接从RING3调用API DeviceIoControl()来获取硬盘信息，而不需要写VXD或者DRIVER。这样这个问题就解决了，我对它进行了封装，大量使用了P/Invoke技术，一个完整的Library。支持Windows 98-2003。

使用上很简单：

HardDiskInfo hdd = AtapiDevice.GetHddInfo(0); // 第一个硬盘
Console.WriteLine("Module Number: {0}", hdd.ModuleNumber);
Console.WriteLine("Serial Number: {0}", hdd.SerialNumber);
Console.WriteLine("Firmware: {0}", hdd.Firmware);
Console.WriteLine("Capacity: {0} M", hdd.Capacity);

下面是全部代码：

using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; namespace Sunmast.Hardware { [Serializable] public struct HardDiskInfo { /// <summary> /// 型号 /// </summary> public string ModuleNumber; /// <summary> /// 固件版本 /// </summary> public string Firmware; /// <summary> /// 序列号 /// </summary> public string SerialNumber; /// <summary> /// 容量，以M为单位 /// </summary> public uint Capacity; } #region Internal Structs [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)] internal struct GetVersionOutParams { public byte bVersion; public byte bRevision; public byte bReserved; public byte bIDEDeviceMap; public uint fCapabilities; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)] public uint[] dwReserved; // For future use. } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)] internal struct IdeRegs { public byte bFeaturesReg; public byte bSectorCountReg; public byte bSectorNumberReg; public byte bCylLowReg; public byte bCylHighReg; public byte bDriveHeadReg; public byte bCommandReg; public byte bReserved; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)] internal struct SendCmdInParams { public uint cBufferSize; public IdeRegs irDriveRegs; public byte bDriveNumber; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=3)] public byte[] bReserved; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)] public uint[] dwReserved; public byte bBuffer; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)] internal struct DriverStatus { public byte bDriverError; public byte bIDEStatus; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=2)] public byte[] bReserved; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=2)] public uint[] dwReserved; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)] internal struct SendCmdOutParams { public uint cBufferSize; public DriverStatus DriverStatus; public IdSector bBuffer; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1, Size=512)] internal struct IdSector { public ushort wGenConfig; public ushort wNumCyls; public ushort wReserved; public ushort wNumHeads; public ushort wBytesPerTrack; public ushort wBytesPerSector; public ushort wSectorsPerTrack; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=3)] public ushort[] wVendorUnique; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=20)] public byte[] sSerialNumber; public ushort wBufferType; public ushort wBufferSize; public ushort wECCSize; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=8)] public byte[] sFirmwareRev; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=40)] public byte[] sModelNumber; public ushort wMoreVendorUnique; public ushort wDoubleWordIO; public ushort wCapabilities; public ushort wReserved1; public ushort wPIOTiming; public ushort wDMATiming; public ushort wBS; public ushort wNumCurrentCyls; public ushort wNumCurrentHeads; public ushort wNumCurrentSectorsPerTrack; public uint ulCurrentSectorCapacity; public ushort wMultSectorStuff; public uint ulTotalAddressableSectors; public ushort wSingleWordDMA; public ushort wMultiWordDMA; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=128)] public byte[] bReserved; } #endregion /// <summary> /// ATAPI驱动器相关 /// </summary> public class AtapiDevice { #region DllImport [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] static extern int CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)] static extern IntPtr CreateFile( string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, uint dwShareMode, IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes, uint dwCreationDisposition, uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, IntPtr hTemplateFile); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] static extern int DeviceIoControl( IntPtr hDevice, uint dwIoControlCode, IntPtr lpInBuffer, uint nInBufferSize, ref GetVersionOutParams lpOutBuffer, uint nOutBufferSize, ref uint lpBytesReturned, [Out] IntPtr lpOverlapped); [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] static extern int DeviceIoControl( IntPtr hDevice, uint dwIoControlCode, ref SendCmdInParams lpInBuffer, uint nInBufferSize, ref SendCmdOutParams lpOutBuffer, uint nOutBufferSize, ref uint lpBytesReturned, [Out] IntPtr lpOverlapped); const uint DFP_GET_VERSION = 0x00074080; const uint DFP_SEND_DRIVE_COMMAND = 0x0007c084; const uint DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA = 0x0007c088; const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000; const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000; const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001; const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002; const uint CREATE_NEW = 1; const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3; #endregion #region GetHddInfo /// <summary> /// 获得硬盘信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="driveIndex">硬盘序号</param> /// <returns>硬盘信息</returns> /// <remarks> /// 参考lu0的文章：http://lu0s1.3322.org/App/2k1103.html /// by sunmast for everyone /// thanks lu0 for his great works /// 在Windows 98/ME中，S.M.A.R.T并不缺省安装，请将SMARTVSD.VXD拷贝到%SYSTEM%\IOSUBSYS目录下。 /// 在Windows 2000/2003下，需要Administrators组的权限。 /// </remarks> /// <example> /// AtapiDevice.GetHddInfo() /// </example> public static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfo(byte driveIndex) { switch(Environment.OSVersion.Platform) { case PlatformID.Win32Windows: return GetHddInfo9x(driveIndex); case PlatformID.Win32NT: return GetHddInfoNT(driveIndex); case PlatformID.Win32S: throw new NotSupportedException("Win32s is not supported."); case PlatformID.WinCE: throw new NotSupportedException("WinCE is not supported."); default: throw new NotSupportedException("Unknown Platform."); } } #region GetHddInfo9x private static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfo9x(byte driveIndex) { GetVersionOutParams vers = new GetVersionOutParams(); SendCmdInParams inParam = new SendCmdInParams(); SendCmdOutParams outParam = new SendCmdOutParams(); uint bytesReturned = 0; IntPtr hDevice = CreateFile( @"\\.\Smartvsd", 0, 0, IntPtr.Zero, CREATE_NEW, 0, IntPtr.Zero); if (hDevice == IntPtr.Zero) { throw new Exception("Open smartvsd.vxd failed."); } if (0 == DeviceIoControl( hDevice, DFP_GET_VERSION, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref vers, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(vers), ref bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero)) { CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed:DFP_GET_VERSION"); } // If IDE identify command not supported, fails if (0 == (vers.fCapabilities & 1)) { CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception("Error: IDE identify command not supported."); } if (0 != (driveIndex & 1)) { inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xb0; } else { inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xa0; } if (0 != (vers.fCapabilities & (16 >> driveIndex))) { // We don't detect a ATAPI device. CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} is a ATAPI device, we don't detect it",driveIndex + 1)); } else { inParam.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = 0xec; } inParam.bDriveNumber = driveIndex; inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1; inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1; inParam.cBufferSize = 512; if (0 == DeviceIoControl( hDevice, DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA, ref inParam, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(inParam), ref outParam, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(outParam), ref bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero)) { CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed: DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA"); } CloseHandle(hDevice); return GetHardDiskInfo(outParam.bBuffer); } #endregion #region GetHddInfoNT private static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfoNT(byte driveIndex) { GetVersionOutParams vers = new GetVersionOutParams(); SendCmdInParams inParam = new SendCmdInParams(); SendCmdOutParams outParam = new SendCmdOutParams(); uint bytesReturned = 0; // We start in NT/Win2000 IntPtr hDevice = CreateFile( string.Format(@"\\.\PhysicalDrive{0}",driveIndex), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, IntPtr.Zero, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, IntPtr.Zero); if (hDevice == IntPtr.Zero) { throw new Exception("CreateFile faild."); } if (0 == DeviceIoControl( hDevice, DFP_GET_VERSION, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref vers, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(vers), ref bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero)) { CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} may not exists.",driveIndex + 1)); } // If IDE identify command not supported, fails if (0 == (vers.fCapabilities & 1)) { CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception("Error: IDE identify command not supported."); } // Identify the IDE drives if (0 != (driveIndex & 1)) { inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xb0; } else { inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg=0xa0; } if (0 != (vers.fCapabilities & (16 >> driveIndex))) { // We don't detect a ATAPI device. CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} is a ATAPI device, we don't detect it.",driveIndex + 1)); } else { inParam.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = 0xec; } inParam.bDriveNumber = driveIndex; inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1; inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1; inParam.cBufferSize = 512; if (0 == DeviceIoControl( hDevice, DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA, ref inParam, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(inParam), ref outParam, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(outParam), ref bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero)) { CloseHandle(hDevice); throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed: DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA"); } CloseHandle(hDevice); return GetHardDiskInfo(outParam.bBuffer); } #endregion private static HardDiskInfo GetHardDiskInfo(IdSector phdinfo) { HardDiskInfo hddInfo = new HardDiskInfo(); ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sModelNumber); hddInfo.ModuleNumber = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sModelNumber).Trim(); ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sFirmwareRev); hddInfo.Firmware = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sFirmwareRev).Trim(); ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sSerialNumber); hddInfo.SerialNumber = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sSerialNumber).Trim(); hddInfo.Capacity = phdinfo.ulTotalAddressableSectors / 2 / 1024; return hddInfo; } private static void ChangeByteOrder(byte[] charArray) { byte temp; for(int i = 0; i < charArray.Length; i += 2) { temp = charArray[i]; charArray[i] = charArray[i+1]; charArray[i+1] = temp; } } #endregion } }

注：

在Windows 98/ME中，S.M.A.R.T并不缺省安装，请将SMARTVSD.VXD拷贝到%SYSTEM%\IOSUBSYS目录下。
在Windows 2000/2003下，需要Administrators组的权限。
不要在装有SCSI硬盘的机器上尝试了，因为SCSI硬盘根本不存在序列号。

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