Java：J2ME与Web Service

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J2ME与Web Service

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1. 服务端

这次要发布的web service非常简单。它的功能是把从客户端传入的字符串中的小写字母转变成大写字母，再返回给客户端。Soap 服务器采用apache的AXIS（可以从http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载），应用服务器可以选用各种servlet 容器，我这里采用的是weblogic。

1.1 实现类的源代码

// StringProcessor.java package com.jagie.j2me.ws; public class StringProcessor { public StringProcessor() { } public String process(String name){ return name.toUpperCase(); } }

1.2 发布步骤

1．准备一个目录作为web application的发布目录,我这里的这个目录叫jagiews,这个目录的全路径中最好不要有空格和中文。我的发布目录结构如下：

2．编译StringProcessor.java,把生成的StringProcessor.class置于: \jagiews\WEB-INF\classes\com\jagie\j2me\ws目录下。

3.在jagiews\WEB-INF\lib 文件夹中置入以下axis服务器需要的jar文件 axis.jar，axis-ant.jar，commons-discovery.jar，commons-logging.jar，jaxrpc.jar，log4j-1.2.8.jar，saaj.jar ，wsdl4j.jar。这些文件可以在http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载，如图所示：

4.在jagiews\WEB-INF目录下增加2个发布描述文件：server-config.wsdd，web.xml。

#server-config.wsdd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"> <globalConfiguration> <parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/> <parameter name="attachments.Directory" value="C:\Program Files \Apache Tomcat 4.0\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\attachments"/> <parameter name="attachments.implementation" value="org.apache.axis.attachments.AttachmentsImpl"/> <parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/> <parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/> <parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/> <parameter name="axis.sendMinimizedElements" value="true"/> <requestFlow> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"> <parameter name="scope" value="session"/> </handler> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler"> <parameter name="scope" value="request"/> <parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/> </handler> </requestFlow> </globalConfiguration> <handler name="LocalResponder" type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/> <handler name="URLMapper" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/> <handler name="RPCDispatcher" type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.RPCProvider"/> <handler name="Authenticate" type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/> <handler name="MsgDispatcher" type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.MsgProvider"/> <service name="AdminService" provider="java:MSG"> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="AdminService"/> <parameter name="enableRemoteAdmin" value="false"/> <parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.utils.Admin"/> <namespace>http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/</namespace> </service> <service name="Version" provider="java:RPC"> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="getVersion"/> <parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.Version"/> </service>  <service name="StringProcess" provider="java:RPC"> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="process"/> <parameter name="className" value="com.jagie.j2me.ws.StringProcessor"/> </service>  <transport name="http"> <requestFlow> <handler type="URLMapper"/> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/> </requestFlow> </transport> <transport name="local"> <responseFlow> <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/> </responseFlow> </transport> </deployment>

# web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2.2.dtd"> <web-app> <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet </servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name> <param-value>5001</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>    <mime-mapping> <extension>wsdl</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <mime-mapping> <extension>xsd</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping> </web-app>

5.开启你的application server，把目录jagiews发布为一个名叫jagiews的web application。

6.测试:打开浏览器，输入网址（这里使用的是weblogic,其他的服务器请酌情修改）: http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq，如果浏览器能在返回的xml文档中显示字符串"QQQQ"，恭喜你，你的web service发布成功了。如果发布不成功，请按以上发布步骤检查一下。

2. 客户端

客户端自然是用MIDlet了，不过用什么方式来访问web service呢？其实有3种访问方式

直接用HttpConnection访问 http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq，得到xml的返回数据，然后用kxml(http://kxml.enhydra.org/)解析，得到返回值。如果你的手机支持MIDP2.0的话，可以考虑使用JSR172。用ksoap api。

这里讲述第三种方式。使用之前，你需要从 http://ksoap.enhydra.org/software/downloads/index.html下载稳定的ksoap包，置于你的classpath中。

2.1 客户端源代码

2.1.1 WSClientMIDlet.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws; import javax.microedition.midlet.*; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; /** * Title: * Description: * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: * @author not attributable * @version 1.0 */ public class WSClientMIDlet extends MIDlet { static WSClientMIDlet instance; public WSClientMIDlet() { instance = this; } public void startApp() { Display display=Display.getDisplay(this); DisplayForm displayable = new DisplayForm(); display.setCurrent(displayable); } public void pauseApp() { } public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) { } public static void quitApp() { instance.destroyApp(true); instance.notifyDestroyed(); instance = null; } }

2.1.2 DisplayForm.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws; import javax.microedition.lcdui.*; /** * Title: * Description: * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: * @author not attributable * @version 1.0 */ public class DisplayForm extends Form implements CommandListener, Runnable { private TextField textField1; private Thread t; public DisplayForm() { super("字符转换webservice测试"); try { jbInit(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void jbInit() throws Exception { // Set up this Displayable to listen to command events textField1 = new TextField("", "", 15, TextField.ANY); this.setCommandListener(this); textField1.setLabel("待处理的字符串是："); textField1.setConstraints(TextField.ANY); textField1.setInitialInputMode("Tester"); setCommandListener(this); // add the Exit command addCommand(new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1)); addCommand(new Command("Process", Command.OK, 1)); this.append(textField1); } public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable displayable) { if (command.getCommandType() == Command.EXIT) { WSClientMIDlet.quitApp(); } else if (command.getCommandType() == Command.OK) { t = new Thread(this); t.start(); } } public void run() { String s1 = textField1.getString(); String s2 = new StringProcessorStub().process(s1); StringItem resultItem = new StringItem("处理后的字符串是:", s2); this.append(resultItem); } }

2.1.3 StringProcessorStub.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws; import org.ksoap.*; import org.ksoap.transport.HttpTransport; /** * Title: * Description: * Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 * Company: * @author not attributable * @version 1.0 */ public class StringProcessorStub { public StringProcessorStub() { } public String process(String name) { String result = null; try { SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject ("http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess", "process"); rpc.addProperty("name", name); HttpTransport ht = new HttpTransport ("http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess", ""); result = (String) ht.call(rpc); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } }

测试客户端

现在，试着在你的ide里运行WSClientMIDlet，如果调用成功，则出现以下画面：

总结

有了ksoap，手机上调用web service就很容易了。不过要注意的是，使用网络连接这种费时操作的时候，一定要单独开线程进行，不要直接写在commandAction()方法里，否则出现画面被锁住的情况。

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