Spring中IOC的实现

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    了解了IOC模式的思想以及其优点,再来学习其实现。这篇来详细看一下Spring中它的实现。

    Spring中IOC贯穿了其整个框架,但正如martinflower所说:“saying that these lightweight containers are special because they use inversion of control is like saying my car is special because it has wheels”,IOC已经称为框架设计中必不可少的部分。就实现上来讲Spring采取了配置文件的形式来实现依赖的注射,并且支持Type2 IOC(Setter Injection)以及Type3 IOC(Constructor Injection)。

    Spring中IOC的实现的核心是其Core Bean Factory,它将框架内部的组件以一定的耦合度组装起来,并对使用它的应用提供一种面向服务的编程模式(SOP:Service-Orient Programming),比如Spring中的AOP、以及持久化(Hibernate、ibatics)的实现。

    首先从最底层最基础的factory Bean开始,先来看org.springframework.beans.factory.Bean

    Factory接口,它是一个非常简单的接口,getBean方法是其中最重要的方法,Spring通常是使用xml来populate Bean,所以比较常用的是XMLFactoryBean。

    用一个简单的示例看一下其用法。首先写下两个Bean类:

    ExampleBean 类:

public class ExampleBean { private String psnName=null; private RefBean refbean=null; private String addinfo=null; public String getAddinfo() { return getRefbean().getAddress()+getRefbean().getZipcode(); } public String getPsnName() { return psnName; } public void setPsnName(String psnName) { this.psnName = psnName; } public void setRefbean(RefBean refbean) { this.refbean = refbean; } public RefBean getRefbean() { return refbean; } public void setAddinfo(String addinfo) { this.addinfo = addinfo; } }

    RefBean类:

public class RefBean { public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } public String getZipcode() { return zipcode; } public void setZipcode(String zipcode) { this.zipcode = zipcode; } private String zipcode=null; private String address=null; }

    其xml配置文件 Bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="exampleBean" class="test.ExampleBean"> <property name="psnName"><value>xkf</value></property> <property name="refbean"> <ref bean="refBean"/> </property> </bean> <bean id="refBean" class="test.RefBean"> <property name="address"><value>BeiJing</value></property> <property name="zipcode"><value>100085</value></property> </bean> </beans>

    然后可以写个测试类来测试,当然,需要Spring中的Spring-core.jar以及commons-logging.jar,当然在elipse中可以通过安装spring-ide插件来轻松实现。

public class Test { public static void main(String[] args){ try{ Resource input = new ClassPathResource("test/Bean.xml"); System.out.println("resource is:"+input); BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(input); ExampleBean eb = (ExampleBean)factory.getBean("exampleBean"); System.out.println(eb.getPsnName()); System.out.println(eb.getAddinfo()); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }

    这样,通过BeanFactory的getBean方法,以及xml配置文件,避免了在test类中直接实例化ExampleBean,消除了应用程序(Test)与服务(ExampleBean)之间的耦合,实现了IOC(控制反转)或者说实现了依赖的注射(Dependency Injection)。

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