下面的应用程序将实现从http服务器装载并执行一个jar文件的功能,比如你的Jar文件的地址为hello.jar。要实现这个功能我们应该首先建立与这个文件的连接然后通过MANIFEST的信息描述得到Main-Class的值,最后装载并运行这个class。这里面需要用到java.net和反射的一些重要知识。这个应用程序由两个类组成:JarClassLoader和JarRunner。
JarClassLoader扩展了URLClassLoader,它有一个成员为URL类型的url变量。
public JarClassLoader(URL url)
{
super(new URL[] { url });
this.url = url;
}
它的两个重要方法是getMainClassName()和invokeClass(),其中前者的目的是通过URL和jar取得连接后,读取MANIFEST的Main-Class属性从而得到应用程序的入点,这非常重要。得到入点后我们就可以通过反射机制装载和运行得到的主类。
public String getMainClassName() throws IOException {
URL u = new URL("jar", "", url + "!/");
JarURLConnection uc = (JarURLConnection)u.openConnection();
Attributes attr = uc.getMainAttributes();
return attr != null
? attr.getValue(Attributes.Name.MAIN_CLASS)
: null;
}
public void invokeClass(String name, String[] args)
throws ClassNotFoundException,
NoSuchMethodException,
InvocationTargetException
{
Class c = this.loadClass(name);
Method m = c.getMethod("main", new Class[] { args.getClass() });
m.setAccessible(true);
int mods = m.getModifiers();
if (m.getReturnType() != void.class || !Modifier.isStatic(mods) ||
!Modifier.isPublic(mods)) {
throw new NoSuchMethodException("main");
}
try {
m.invoke(null, new Object[] { args });
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// This should not happen, as we have disabled access checks
}
}
URL u = new URL("jar", "", url + "!/");
JarURLConnection uc = (JarURLConnection)u.openConnection();
这两段代码构造一个JarURLConnection的实例,注意!/的分隔符的意思是这个url表示的是整个jar文件。这样我们就建立了和jar文件的通信。方法中的后面两句话得到jar文件的主类。在invokeClass方法中,我们首先通过ClassLoader的方法得到包括程序入口的主类,然后得到main方法,判断main方法为我们需要的方法后则调Method的invoke方法执行这个应用程序。
下面是源程序的代码
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.JarURLConnection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.jar.Attributes;
import java.io.IOException;
class JarClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {
private URL url;
public JarClassLoader(URL url) {
super(new URL[] { url });
this.url = url;
}
public String getMainClassName() throws IOException {
URL u = new URL("jar", "", url + "!/");
JarURLConnection uc = (JarURLConnection)u.openConnection();
Attributes attr = uc.getMainAttributes();
return attr != null ? attr.getValue(Attributes.Name.MAIN_CLASS) : null;
}
public void invokeClass(String name, String[] args)
throws ClassNotFoundException,
NoSuchMethodException,
InvocationTargetException
{
Class c = this.loadClass(name);
Method m = c.getMethod("main", new Class[] { args.getClass() });
m.setAccessible(true);
int mods = m.getModifiers();
if (m.getReturnType() != void.class || !Modifier.isStatic(mods) ||
!Modifier.isPublic(mods)) {
throw new NoSuchMethodException("main");
}
try {
m.invoke(null, new Object[] { args });
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// This should not happen, as we have disabled access checks
}
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
/**
* Runs a jar application from any url. Usage is 'java JarRunner url [args..]'
* where url is the url of the jar file and args is optional arguments to
* be passed to the application's main method.
*/
public class JarRunner {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length < 1) {
usage();
}
URL url = null;
try {
url = new URL(args[0]);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
fatal("Invalid URL: " + args[0]);
}
// Create the class loader for the application jar file
JarClassLoader cl = new JarClassLoader(url);
// Get the application's main class name
String name = null;
try {
name = cl.getMainClassName();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("I/O error while loading JAR file:");
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
if (name == null) {
fatal("Specified jar file does not contain a 'Main-Class'" +
" manifest attribute");
}
// Get arguments for the application
String[] newArgs = new String[args.length - 1];
System.arraycopy(args, 1, newArgs, 0, newArgs.length);
// Invoke application's main class
try {
cl.invokeClass(name, newArgs);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
fatal("Class not found: " + name);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
fatal("Class does not define a 'main' method: " + name);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.getTargetException().printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
private static void fatal(String s) {
System.err.println(s);
System.exit(1);
}
private static void usage() {
fatal("Usage: java JarRunner url [args..]");
}
}
我们编写一个简单的HelloWorld程序,然后打个jar包,注意你的jar包内的MANIFEST文件一定要包括Main-Class: HelloWorld,否则的话找不到程序的入口。把它放在一个web服务器上比如http://localhost/hello.jar。编译源程序后执行
java JarRunner http://localhost/hello.jar (可以含有参数)在控制台我们会看到hello world的字样输出!
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