Hibernate:利用配置文件生成数据库

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目前很多人使用Hibernate作为持久层,如果我们已经写了配置文件poweracl.hbm.xml,则不必再费劲写SQL的DDL。除了利用工具SchemaExport之外,还可以编写程序来自动初始化数据库,并且生成SQL DDL。

(1)Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='gb2312'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-2.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibtest</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">test</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.pool.size">20</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="jdbc.fetch_size">50</property>
<property name="jdbc.batch_size">25</property>
<property name="jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset">false</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">net.sf.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

<!-- Mapping files -->
<mapping resource="com/hibtest/poweracl.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

注意:(1)JDBC驱动为com.mysql.jdbc.Driver,可以根据所使用的库而更换。

(2)dialect为数据库方言,根据所使用数据库不同而不同。这里是Mysql。

(3)jdbc.fetch_size和jdbc.batch_size过小会降低性能,这里是建议设置。

(4)mapping文件根据文件所在路径而不同。这里是放在WEB-INF/classes/com/hibtest/目录下。

(2)数据库映射配置poweracl.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.hibtest.user" table="user" discriminator-value="W"> <id name="loginname" type="string" > <column name="loginname" sql-type="char(16)" not-null="true"/> <generator class="assigned"/> </id> <property name="password" type="string"> <column name="password" sql-type="varchar(20)" /> </property> <property name="name" type="string"> <column name="name" sql-type="varchar(20)" /> </property> <property name="email" type="string"> <column name="email" sql-type="varchar(60)" /> </property> <property name="modified" type="date"> <column name="modifier" /> </property> <property name="creater" type="date"> <column name="creater" /> </property> <property name="lastlogin" type="date"> <column name="lastlogin" /> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

说明:具体的poweracl.hbm.xml要根据数据库表而设置,这里只是列举一个user表。

(3) 初始化数据库类

package com.hibtest; import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException; import net.sf.hibernate.Session; import net.sf.hibernate.SessionFactory; import net.sf.hibernate.Transaction; import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import net.sf.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport; import java.io.File; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; /** * <p/> vedadou * Date: 2004-02-25 * Time: 9:40:15 */ public class InitDB { static Session session; public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration config = null; Transaction tx = null; try { config = new Configuration().configure(new File("hibernate.cfg.xml")); System.out.println("Creating tables..."); SchemaExport schemaExport = new SchemaExport(config); schemaExport.create(true, true); System.out.println("Table created."); SessionFactory sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(); session = sessionFactory.openSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); tx.commit(); } catch (HibernateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); try { tx.rollback(); } catch (HibernateException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } finally { } } }

注意:在初始化之前,应该先手工创建一个空数据库,然后再执行InitDB程序

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