• .net精简框架装配使用和.net框架不用的强名称签名，所以CLR可以区分它们。
• 在未来发布的.NET框架和CLR的绑定策略中将使用.NET框架装配代替兼容.NET精简框架参考。这样，在普通情况下，不需要重新连接就能重用组件。 例如：如果您的组件只引用了.net精简框架的 System 和 System.NET 类库，它则不需要重新连接就适合在.net精简框架和完整的.NET框架下运行。
• 如果你引用了.net精简框架特有的功能，如PocketPC特有的用户界面，程序将不能在完整的.net框架上运行。
• 如跨平台的中间组件的开发和发布，微软认为丰富的客户端应用应该利用智能设备特有的功能为用户带来更好的体验。这一味着好的图形用户界面基本上是客户端特有的。
• 尽管微软花费很大精力为不同设备和功能划分了不同的命名空间和装配以避免装配冲突，但在1.0的版本里还是会有不能处理的兼容性问题。在这种情况下，在.net框架上不经意地使用了设备专有的功能将会导致程序在运行时的异常，而不是载入时的异常。

• ARMv4 -> 只支持32位ARMv4指令
• ARMv4T -> 'T' 表示 Thumb. Thumb 是ARM16位指令模式
• ARMv4I -> 'I' 表示 Interworking. 允许32位和16位指令共存

• StrongARM (SA1110) -> 只支持ARMv4指令
• ARM920T, etc -> 支持所有三种情况

• ARMv4 for PocketPC 2000 and Pocket PC 2002. 支持所有ARM设备，包括XScale。发布到设备的CAB文件名包含有"arm"字符。
• ARMv4 for Windows CE.NET. 支持由PlatformBuilder使用ARMv4核心编译的Windows CE.NET设备。Pocket PC 2003支持这种代码。发布到设备的CAB文件名包含有"armv4"字符。
• ARMv4T or ARMv4I for Windows CE.NET. 支持由PlatformBuilder使用ARMv4T 或 ARMv4I核心编译的Windows CE.NET设备。发布到设备的CAB文件名包含有"armv4T"字符。

• Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools Remote Registry Editor
• Microsoft Windows CE Platform Builder Remote Registry Editor
• PHM Pocket PC Registry Editor (共享软件，很容易在网上找到)

1. Open or create a smart device project,
2. On the View menu, click Solution Explorer,
3. In Solution Explorer, right-click on your project, point to Add, and click Add Existing Item. Browse to and add the desired file to the project.
4. Right-click on the file that you added, in solution explorer, and click Properties,
5. Set the Build Action property to "Content", if it is not already set.

• 1.55MB (ROM) on Pocket PC 2000/2002
• 1.35MB (ROM) on Windows Mobile for Pocket PC 2003 or Windows CE .NET Devices

• .5 MB+ (depends on application)

• 5 - 100 KB

• Remove assemblies from the GAC using the -u option
• Install assemblies to the GAC using the -i option

• Unable to associate an Icon to the Control for showing it in the toolbox at design time
• The component, when added to the toolbox, becomes greyed out

• Using a design project separate from the control project. Visual Studio .NET automatically prepends the project default namespace to the bitmap name. The "default namespace" defaults to the project name. This may be a problem because the design project has a slightly different name than the runtime project.
• Not setting the correct ToolBoxItemFilterAttribute values

ToolBoxItemFilterAttribute("NETCF",ToolBoxItemFilterType.Require)
ToolBoxItemFilterAttribute("System.CF.Windows.Forms", ToolBoxITemFilterType.Custom)

2. 图形

2.1. 怎样建立一个图形对象？

有很多种方法可以建立图形对象，看你怎么用：

在OnPaint中，使用object参数提供的PaintEventArgs参数：

//C#
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
  e.Graphics.DrawLine(...);
}

'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(ByVal e As PaintEventArgs)
    e.Graphics.DrawLine(...)
End Sub 'OnPaint

//C#
using System.Drawing;

Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics();

'VB
Imports System.Drawing

Dim g As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics()

//C#
using System.Drawing;

Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(10,10);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bm);

'VB
Imports System.Drawing

Dim bm As New Bitmap(10, 10)
Dim g As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bm)

• 只建立一个图形对象 (或只使用OnPaint中的 PaintEventArgs)。
• 把所有绘图工作先画到不显示的位图上，再一次性把位图显示出来。
• 只重画变化的部分图象。
• 尽可能在相同的区域上画相同大小的图象。

//C#
using System.Drawing.Imaging;

ImageAttributes attr = new ImageAttributes();

'VB
Imports System.Drawing.Imaging

Dim attr As New ImageAttributes()

//C#
attr.SetColorKey(bmp.GetPixel(0,0), bmp.GetPixel(0,0));

'VB
attr.SetColorKey(bmp.GetPixel(0,0), bmp.GetPixel(0,0))

//C#
attr.SetColorKey(Color.FromArgb(255,0,255),Color.FromArgb(255,0,255));
attr.SetColorKey(Color.Fuchsia, Color.Fuchsia);

'VB
attr.SetColorKey(Color.FromArgb(255,0,255),Color.FromArgb(255,0,255))
attr.SetColorKey(Color.Fuchsia, Color.Fuchsia)

//C#
g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height,GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attr);

'VB
g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height,GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attr)

//C#
using System.Drawing;

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
  string s = "Hello World"

  Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Fuchsia);
  Font font = new Font("Arial", 18, FontStyle.Regular);
  Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);

  SizeF sSize = e.Graphics.MeasureString(s, font);

  Rectangle r = new Rectangle(9, 199,(int)sSize.Width + 1, (int)sSize.Height + 1);

  e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, r);
  e.Graphics.DrawString(s, font, brush, 10.0f, 200.0f);

  base.OnPaint (e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Drawing

Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(e As PaintEventArgs)
  Dim s As String = "Hello World"
  
  Dim pen As New Pen(Color.Fuchsia)
  Dim font As New Font("Arial", 18, FontStyle.Regular)
  Dim brush = New SolidBrush(Color.Black)

  Dim sSize As SizeF = e.Graphics.MeasureString(s, font)

  Dim r As New Rectangle(9, 199, Fix(sSize.Width) + 1, Fix(sSize.Height) + 1)

  e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, r)
  e.Graphics.DrawString(s, font, brush, 10F, 200F)

  MyBase.OnPaint(e)

End Sub 'OnPaint

• Drawing filled rectangles with the Graphics.FillRectangle method
• Drawing multiple lines next to each other
• Writing a custom graphics routine with GAPI

//C#
using System.Drawing;
using System.Reflection;

Bitmap m_bmpOriginal;
Bitmap m_bmpZoom;

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    Assembly asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
    m_bmpOriginal = new Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream(asm.GetName().Name
      + ".MyImage.bmp"));

    // Take the center quarter of m_bmpOriginal
    // and create stetch it into m_bmpZoom of the same size
    m_bmpZoom = new Bitmap(m_bmpOriginal.Width, m_bmpOriginal.Height);
    Graphics gZoom = Graphics.FromImage(m_bmpZoom);
    
    Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(m_bmpOriginal.Width / 4, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 4,
      m_bmpOriginal.Width / 2, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 2);
    Rectangle dstRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, m_bmpZoom.Width, m_bmpZoom.Height);
    gZoom.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, dstRect, srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, 0, 0);
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpZoom, 125, 0);
    base.OnPaint (e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Reflection

Private m_bmpOriginal As Bitmap
Private m_bmpZoom As Bitmap

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    Dim asm As [Assembly] = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly()
    m_bmpOriginal = New Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream((asm.GetName().Name _
      + ".MyImage.bmp")))

    ' Take the center quarter of m_bmpOriginal
    ' and create stetch it into m_bmpZoom of the same size
    m_bmpZoom = New Bitmap(m_bmpOriginal.Width, m_bmpOriginal.Height)
    Dim gZoom As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(m_bmpZoom)

    Dim srcRect As New Rectangle(m_bmpOriginal.Width / 4, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 4, _
      m_bmpOriginal.Width / 2, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 2)
    Dim dstRect As New Rectangle(0, 0, m_bmpZoom.Width, m_bmpZoom.Height)
    gZoom.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, dstRect, srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
End Sub 'Form1_Load

Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(ByVal e As PaintEventArgs)
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, 0, 0)
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpZoom, 125, 0)
    MyBase.OnPaint(e)
End Sub 'OnPaint

3. 发布

3.1. 怎样建立一个PocketPC的设置程序？

这篇文章告诉您如何建立一个单独的.msi文件，可以运行并把应用安装到不同的Pocket PC设备上。整个过程都是自动的，所以很容易把所有需要的组件都打包到.msi文件中。包含C#和Microsoft Visual Basic .NET代码。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdeployment.asp

3.2. 哪个发布包可以包括在我的安装程序中？

您可以为您的用户提供一个最终的发布包，以帮助他们升级设备。您不能拆开这个发布包把内容给您的用户。但是，您可以拆开开发人员的发布包把内容给您的用户。

3.3. 怎样可以建立一个不需要.net框架的安装程序？

这篇文章讨论了如何成功的安装一个Pocket PC的应用：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnppc2k/html/ppc_allation.asp

3.4. 怎样建立不受PocketPC系统约束的CAB安装文件？

您可以建立一个.inf文件生成一个适合任何Pocket PC设备的应用程序安装文件。查看示例代码：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/cabfile.aspx

3.5. 为什么不同的处理器会有不同的CAB安装文件？

每一个CAB文件都包含一小段检测智能设备上的.net精简框架版本的代码。这个功能是处理器/平台特有的，不同的CAB文件根据处理器类型绑定不同的代码。

3.6. How do I create a desktop installer that detects the presence of the .NET Compact Framework on the target device and installs it if necessary?

The article titled "Creating an MSI Package that Detects and Updates the .NET Compact Framework" in the MSDN Library describes a technique that may be used:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/understanding/articles/default.aspx?pull=/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdepl.asp

3.7. How do I deploy a .NET Compact Framework Service Pack to the emulator?

Download and install to your desktop development PC a "Developer" version of the service pack (the download title will read something like: "Microsoft® .NET Compact Framework 1.0 SPx Developer Redistributable") from:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/downloads/updates/default.aspx

The next step is to copy the appropriate .NET Compact Framework cab file (as per next paragraph) to the emulator. From within the emulator point File Explorer to a share on your PC and then copy and paste the cab to somewhere on the emulator's file system. Now launch the cab file from File Explorer and answer "Yes" if asked to overwrite anything.

4. 图形用户界面(GUI): 窗体

4.1. 怎样建立一个全屏的窗体？

您必须把WindowState属性设置为最大化。做一个看不见的窗体，如把全屏的图片放到窗体中，您需要把FormBorderStyle设置为None，关掉ControlBox删掉窗体中所有的菜单。

//C#
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
this.ControlBox = false;
this.Menu = null;

'VB
Me.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized
Me.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None
Me.ControlBox = False
Me.Menu = Nothing

//C#
this.MinimizeBox = false;

'VB
Me.MinimizeBox = False

• 把一个窗体的代码分成多个窗体。过多控件的窗体，会影响程序开始时载入的性能。尽可能把用户界面分成两个或多个窗体。
• 不要在设计时填充大的、内部的、带集合的控件。如果你把很多节点集合加到TreeView控件中，这样会在InitializeComponent方法中加入大量代码。尽可能把加入集合的代码移到Form.Load事件中。这样做的缺点是，要在设计时编辑这些集合将变得不容易，但它有助于分割代码。
• 不要把自己的代码添加到InitializeComponent方法中，这对通常的编码都有用，不建议添加、修改设计起生成的代码。这样做会造成设计器不可知的错误。如果你想添加自己的启动代码，你应该在Form.Load事件中做。
• 运行时初始化类似的控件。比如，有12个Button控件，只是文字和位置不同，你应该考虑使用循环来设置属性，而不是在设计时设置属性。在次，如果你自己写代码来实现它，不要把代码放在InitializeComponent方法中。

4.12. Why does showing a MessageBox on Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphone with the Abort, Retry, and Fail set of buttons or the Yes, No, Cancel set of buttons, or the third button as the default button result in a NotSupportedException?

Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphone only supports 1 or 2 button MessageBoxes.

4.13 How do I get an icon in the Pocket PC Start Menu Most Recently Used (MRU) List?

Create a shortcut to your application somewhere under \windows\start menu\programs. When your application is launched from this shortcut an icon for your applications will appear the MRU list.

//c#
Rectangle screen = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds;
this.Location = new Point((screen.Width - this.Width) / 2,
  (screen.Height - this.Height ) / 2);

'VB
Dim theScreen As Rectangle
theScreen = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds()
Me.Location = New Point((theScreen.Width - Me.Width) / 2, _
  (theScreen.Height - Me.Height) / 2)

// C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Reflection;

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    this.Text = string.Format("Form {0}", new Random().Next());
}

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern int SetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, string lpString);

protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e)
{
    Assembly asm = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
    IntPtr hWnd = FindWindow("#NETCF_AGL_PARK_",
      asm.GetModules()[0].FullyQualifiedName);

    if (hWnd != IntPtr.Zero)
        SetWindowText(hWnd, "#42");

    base.OnResize (e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Reflection

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, _
  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    Me.Text = String.Format("Form {0}", New Random().Next())
End Sub 'Form1_Load

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function FindWindow(ByVal lpClassName As String, _
  ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function SetWindowText(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, _
  ByVal lpString As String) As Integer
End Function

Protected Overrides Sub OnResize(ByVal e As EventArgs)
    Dim asm As [Assembly] = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
    Dim hWnd As IntPtr = FindWindow("#NETCF_AGL_PARK_", _
      asm.GetModules()(0).FullyQualifiedName)
    If hWnd.ToInt32() <> IntPtr.Zero.ToInt32() Then
        SetWindowText(hWnd, "#42")
    End If
    MyBase.OnResize(e)
End Sub 'OnResize

  Top of Page

5. 图形用户界面 (GUI): 通用

5.1. 怎样建立一个带有图形或支持多行的按钮？

建立一个带有图形或支持多行的按钮需要使用自定义控件。自定义控件能继承button的paint方法，以及其他任何需要的自定义数据。参考以下连接获得更多关于自定义控件的信息：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/customctrlscompactfx.asp

快速入门教程告诉你如何建立一个带图像的按钮：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/picturebutton.aspx

5.2. TextBox.AcceptsReturn在.net精简框架下是怎样工作的？

虽然设置了AcceptsReturn为false，但它还是按true的方式来操作。你可以写一个继承TextBox的类，在KeyPress事件中实现对Enter的处理。

5.3. 当数据载入ComboBox的时候，为什么SelectedIndexChanged事件没有被触发？

这是一个已经知道的问题，将在以后的.net精简框架中发布。

5.4. Show和ShowDialog有什么不同？

ShowDialog会把一个窗体以 模式 方式显示，这是一种独占调用方式，知道窗体关闭才会返回。这个方法将返回一个DialogResult枚举，表示关闭的条件。
Show是一种非独占的调用方式，和显示一个控件一样，可以立刻返回，没有返回参数。显示一个控件意味着Visible属性被设置为true，直到Hide方法被调用，Visible方法才会变为false。

5.5. 为什么我不能建立右键菜单分离器？(separator)

这是一个已经知道的BUG，把右键菜单设置为分割线，将抛出NotSupportedException错误。这个问题是由于WinCE系统有个限制，不允许在已经加入右键菜单的菜单项设置为分隔符，并且菜单的父类是一个控件。在Visual Studio 2003种，设计器分割移动应用代码的方式和PC上的应用程序类似。这是导致此问题的原因。解决的方法是，把右键菜单单独放在InitilizeComponent方法外的地方。

5.6. 运行时把ImageList赋给ToolBar时，为什么图象不出现？

你可以在窗体载入的时候把ImageList分配给ToolBar，但重新应用图像在ToolBar上的顺序。在设置ToolBar的ImageList之前 设置ToolBar按钮的图像顺序是不被支持的。

5.7. 怎样把光标设置成等待状态？

这段代码可以把光标设置成等待光标：

//C#
Cursor.Current = Cursors.WaitCursor;

'VB
Cursor.Current = Cursors.WaitCursor

//C#
Cursor.Current = Cursors.Default;

'VB
Cursor.Current = Cursors.Default

//C#
protected override void OnParentChanged(EventArgs e)
{
  base.OnParentChanged(e);
  this.BackColor = Parent.BackColor;
}

'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnParentChanged(ByVal e As EventArgs)
  MyBase.OnParentChanged(e)
  Me.BackColor = Parent.BackColor
End Sub 'OnParentChanged

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

const uint SIPF_OFF = 0x0;
const uint SIPF_ON = 0x1;

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
private extern static void SipShowIM(uint dwFlag);

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Const SIPF_OFF As Integer = &H0
Const SIPF_ON As Integer = &H1

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Private Shared Function SipShowIM(ByVal dwFlag As Integer) As Integer
End Function

//C#
foreach (TreeNode node in treeView1.Nodes)
{
    node.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("SubNode"));
}

'VB
Dim node As TreeNode
For Each node In  treeView1.Nodes
    node.Nodes.Add(New TreeNode("SubNode"))
Next node

//C#
DataSet ds = new DataSet();

int numRows = ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count;
int numCols = ds.Tables[0].Columns.Count;

'VB
Dim ds As New DataSet()

Dim numRows As Integer = ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count
Dim numCols As Integer = ds.Tables(0).Columns.Count

//C#
public Control GetNextControl(Control ctl, bool forward)
{
    int curIndex = this.Controls.IndexOf(ctl);

    if (forward)
    {
        if (curIndex < this.Controls.Count)
            curIndex++;
        else
            curIndex = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        if (curIndex > 0)
            curIndex--;
        else
            curIndex = this.Controls.Count - 1;
    }

    return this.Controls[curIndex];
}

'VB
Public Function GetNextControl(ByVal ctl As Control, _
  ByVal forward As Boolean) As Control
    Dim curIndex As Integer = Me.Controls.IndexOf(ctl)

    If forward Then
        If curIndex < Me.Controls.Count Then
            curIndex += 1
        Else
            curIndex = 0
        End If
    Else
        If curIndex > 0 Then
            curIndex -= 1
        Else
            curIndex = Me.Controls.Count - 1
        End If
    End If
    
    Return Me.Controls(curIndex)

End Function 'GetNextControl

//C#
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;

// Loaded as content example
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    this.imageList1.Images.Add(new Icon(File.Open("fullFileName.ico",
      FileMode.Open)));

    this.toolBar1.Buttons[0].ImageIndex = 0;
}

// Loaded as a resource example
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    this.imageList1.Images.Add(new
      Icon(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(
      ".filename.ico")));

    this.toolBar1.Buttons[0].ImageIndex = 0;
}

'VB
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection

' Loaded as content example
Private Sub Form1_Load1(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

    Me.imageList1.Images.Add(New Icon(File.Open("fullFileName.ico", _
      FileMode.Open)))

    Me.toolBar1.Buttons(0).ImageIndex = 0

End Sub 'Form1_Load1

' Loaded as a resource example
Private Sub Form1_Load2(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

    Me.imageList1.Images.Add(New _
      Icon([Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream( _
      ".filename.ico")))

    Me.toolBar1.Buttons(0).ImageIndex = 0

End Sub 'Form1_Load2

6. 与本地代码(Native Code)互用

6.1. 如何调用本地代码写的ＤＬＬ中的函数？

本地DLL代码可以通过系统的Invoke (P/Invoke)方法调用。这些文章提供了如何实现调用和更多的调用技巧：

• 学习如何使用.net精简框架的Platform Invoke (P/Invoke)细节：
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfintrointerp.asp
• 深入探索.net精简框架下的互用性。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfadvinterop.asp
  
• 学习如何通过P/Invoke建立智能设备上的非托管代码。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/unmanagedfuncs.asp
  
• 如何在.net精简框架上汇集托管和非托管代码的数据。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfmarshallingtypes.asp
  
• 学习使用工具dumpbin.exe在微软.net精简框架的应用中申明P/Invokes。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdumpbinpinvoke.asp
  

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public class MEMORYSTATUS
{
  public uint dwLength;
  public uint dwMemoryLoad;
  public uint dwTotalPhys;
  public uint dwAvailPhys;
  public uint dwTotalPageFile;
  public uint dwAvailPageFile;
  public uint dwTotalVirtual;
  public uint dwAvailVirtual;
}

[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus
(
  MEMORYSTATUS lpBuffer
);

[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern int GetSystemMemoryDivision
(
  ref uint lpdwStorePages,
  ref uint lpdwRamPages,
  ref uint lpdwPageSize
);

public void Test()
{
  uint storePages = 0;
  uint ramPages = 0;
  uint pageSize = 0;
  int res = GetSystemMemoryDivision(ref storePages, ref ramPages, ref pageSize);

  MEMORYSTATUS memStatus = new MEMORYSTATUS();
  GlobalMemoryStatus(memStatus);
}

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Structure MEMORYSTATUS
  Public dwLength As UInt32
  Public dwMemoryLoad As UInt32
  Public dwTotalPhys As UInt32
  Public dwAvailPhys As UInt32
  Public dwTotalPageFile As UInt32
  Public dwAvailPageFile As UInt32
  Public dwTotalVirtual As UInt32
  Public dwAvailVirtual As UInt32
End Structure 'MEMORYSTATUS

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Private Shared Sub GlobalMemoryStatus(ByRef ms As MEMORYSTATUS)
End Sub

<DllImport("CoreDll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function GetSystemMemoryDivision( _
  ByRef lpdwStorePages As UInt32, _
  ByRef lpdwRamPages As UInt32, _
  ByRef lpdwPageSize As UInt32) As Integer
End Function

Public Shared Sub Test()
  Dim storePages As UInt32
  Dim ramPages As UInt32
  Dim pageSize As UInt32
  Dim res As Integer = GetSystemMemoryDivision(storePages, ramPages, pageSize)

  Dim memStatus As New MEMORYSTATUS
  GlobalMemoryStatus(memStatus)
End Sub 'Test

1. 继承窗体的OnGotFocus方法。
2. 找到窗体的窗口句柄。
3. 调用ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE)强制窗体最小化。

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string className,string WindowsName);

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hwnd,int nCmdShow);

const int SW_MINIMIZE = 6;

protected override void OnGotFocus(EventArgs e)
{
  IntPtr hwnd = FindWindow(null, this.Text);
  ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE);
  base.OnGotFocus(e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function FindWindow(ByVal className As String, ByVal WindowsName As String) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function ShowWindow(ByVal hwnd As IntPtr,ByVal nCmdShow As Integer) As Boolean
End Function

Private Const SW_MINIMIZE As Integer = 6

Protected Overrides Sub OnGotFocus(ByVal e As EventArgs)
  Dim hwnd As IntPtr = FindWindow(Nothing, Me.Text)
  ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE)
  MyBase.OnGotFocus(e)
End Sub 'OnGotFocus

//C#
[DllImport("coredll.dll"]
public static extern IntPtr GetCapture();

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(String lpClassName, String lpWindowName);

this.Text = "FindMe";
IntPtr hwnd1 = FindWindow(null, "FindMe");

this.Capture = true;
IntPtr hwnd2 = GetCapture();
this.Capture = false;

'VB
<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function GetCapture() As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function FindWindow(ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr
End Function

Me.Text = "FindMe"
Dim deskWin As IntPtr = FindWindow(Nothing, "FindMe")

Me.Capture = True
Dim hwnd As IntPtr = GetCapture()
Me.Capture = False

//C#
[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern int QueryPerformanceFrequency(ref Int64 lpFrequency);

[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern int QueryPerformanceCounter(ref Int64 lpPerformanceCount);

private void TestTimer()
{
  System.Int64 freq = 0;
  if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(ref freq) != 0)
  {
    System.Int64 count1 = 0;
    System.Int64 count2 = 0;

    if (QueryPerformanceCounter(ref count1) != 0)
    {
      System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1200);
      QueryPerformanceCounter(ref count2);
      System.Int64 time_ms = (count2 - count1) * 1000 / freq;
    }
  }
}

'VB
<DllImport("CoreDll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function QueryPerformanceFrequency(ByRef lpFrequency As Int64) As Integer
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function QueryPerformanceCounter(ByRef lpPerformanceCount As Int64) As Integer
End Function

Private Sub TestTimer()
    Dim freq As System.Int64 = 0

    If QueryPerformanceFrequency(freq) <> 0 Then
        Dim count1 As System.Int64 = 0
        Dim count2 As System.Int64 = 0

        If QueryPerformanceCounter(count1) <> 0 Then
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1200)
            QueryPerformanceCounter(count2)
            Dim time_ms As System.Int64 = (count2 - count1) * 1000 / freq
        End If
    End If
End Sub 'TestTimer

• 返回值
  • 只能是长度小于等于32位的类型
  • 非浮点型not floating point
• 参数
  • Only support marshaling blittable types
    • blittable types -> same representation in memory in both managed and native
    • non-blittable -> memory transformation required
    • Since only blittable types, all objects are pinned and never copied
      • Exception: passing String ByVal in VB.NET
    • Implies that you can't marshal nested objects since this requires a memory transformation (non-blittable)
  • 只能是长度小于等于32位的类型
    • 值通过堆栈传递
    • 例外：float32
  • 参考(References)
    • Pass blittable reference types
    • 把参考传递到值类型变量
    • 这就是如何传递float32类型的值
  • 可以传递值类型的数组
    • 在本地代码中，您可以使用指针指向第一个对象，然后一个接一个地访问其他对象
  • String是特殊的，传递char数组 -> 不变的
  • StringBuilder是特殊的，传递char数组 -> 易变的 (需要单独传递长度)
  • 注意：C# bool是8个比特位的，并且不等于Win32的BOOL
  • 队列：编译器默认的队列 (4字节)
  • Marshal.GetLastWin32Error 支持 GetLastError() 语义
  • 未支持的：
    • MarshalAs: no support for non-blittable types
    • StructLayout: 不能改变外观
    • Delegates(委托)
    • DateTime
    • Only support default calling convention

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError=true)]
int myFoo(...);
 
Foo(...)
{
    int rc = myFoo(...);
 
    if (rc == false)
    {
        throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(), "Foo failed");
    }
}

• 在托管代码中的申明不正确
• .net精简框架不支持你想做的操作
• dll的名称在暴露过程中损坏了

• 有没有违反.net精简框架 P/Invoke(调用)的限制?
• 有没有参数需要预先分配内存(如，是不是指针)? 如果是的，您应该传递已经存在的变量的参考。
• 暴露的函数名是否正确？ 可以用DUMPBIN.EXE工具来验证
• 是不是想尝试太多的参数？

//C#
[DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern long RegOpenKey(
    IntPtr hkey, 
    string lpSubKey, 
    ref IntPtr hkeyResult
);

public long OpenMySubKey()
{
    IntPtr hkey = IntPtr.Zero;
    return RegOpenKey(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "MySubKey", ref hkey);
}

'VB
<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function RegOpenKey(ByVal hkey As IntPtr, ByVal lpSubKey As String, ByRef hkeyResult As IntPtr) As Long
End Function

Public Function OpenMySubKey() As Long
    Dim hkey As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero
    Return RegOpenKey(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "MySubKey", hkey)
End Function 'OpenMySubKey

//C#
unsafe
{
    byte[] test = new byte[5];
    fixed (byte* p = &test[0])
    {
        *p = 0xff;
    }
}

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

byte[] test = new byte[5];
GCHandle hObject = GCHandle.Alloc(test, GCHandleType.Pinned);
IntPtr pObject = hObject.AddrOfPinnedObject();

if(hObject.IsAllocated)
    hObject.Free();

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Dim test(4) As Byte
Dim hObject As GCHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(test, GCHandleType.Pinned)
Dim pObject As IntPtr = hObject.AddrOfPinnedObject()
If hObject.IsAllocated Then
    hObject.Free()
End If

//C#
[DllImport("coredll.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr LocalAlloc(uint uFlags, uint uBytes); 
		
[DllImport("coredll.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr LocalFree(IntPtr hMem);

[DllImport("coredll.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr LocalReAlloc(IntPtr hMem, uint uBytes, uint fuFlags); 

public const uint LMEM_FIXED = 0;
public const uint LMEM_MOVEABLE = 2;
public const uint LMEM_ZEROINIT = 0x0040;

byte[] test = new byte[5];
IntPtr p = LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED | LMEM_ZEROINIT, (uint)test.Length);

if (p == IntPtr.Zero) 
{
	throw new OutOfMemoryException();
} 
else 
{
	Marshal.Copy(test, 0, p, test.Length);
}

'VB
<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function LocalAlloc(ByVal uFlags As UInt32, ByVal uBytes As UInt32) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function LocalFree(ByVal hMem As IntPtr) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function LocalReAlloc(ByVal hMem As IntPtr, ByVal uBytes As UInt32, ByVal fuFlags As UInt32) As IntPtr
End Function

Public Const LMEM_FIXED As Integer = 0
Public Const LMEM_MOVEABLE As Integer = 2
Public Const LMEM_ZEROINIT As Integer = &H40

Dim test(4) As Byte
Dim p As IntPtr = LocalAlloc(Convert.ToUInt32(LMEM_FIXED Or LMEM_ZEROINIT), Convert.ToUInt32(test.Length))
If p.Equals(IntPtr.Zero) Then
    Throw New OutOfMemoryException
Else
    Marshal.Copy(test, 0, p, test.Length)
End If

• If targeting Pocket PC 2003 use Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0.
• If targeting Pocket PC 2000 or 2002 use Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools 3.0
• Verify that the parameters to the function match those of the original
  • A long in native code is typically 32-bits, whereas in the .NET Compact Framework it is 64-bits
  • Beware of bool
    • According to MSDN documentation, "Its size is unspecified.":
      http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vccelng4/html/ellrffundamentaltypes.asp
    • In a Microsoft specific section of the MSDN documentation, the bool size is described as varying depending on the version of Visual C++ used to build the binary.:
      http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vccelng4/html/ellrfbool.asp
  • A BOOL is defined as an int (32-bit value)
  • .NET Compact Framework Blittable Types:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vccelng4/html/ellrffundamentaltypes.asp
  • Non Blittable Types and Marshaling Support:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dv_evtuv/html/etconNonBlittableTypesMarshalingSupport.asp
• Make sure that the function name is spelled correctly
• Verify that the DLL is located correctly - Windows or executing folder of target device
• Verify with DUMPBIN that the names of the functions were not mangled on exporting of the DLL (extern "C" fixes this). More information on this topic can be found in section "6.1. How do I call a function that is in a native DLL?" of this FAQ.
• Verify that the DLL being imported is not dependant upon other DLLs. A missing dependant DLL will result in the MissingMethodException.

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public struct SYSTEMTIME 
{
    public ushort wYear;
    public ushort wMonth; 
    public ushort wDayOfWeek; 
    public ushort wDay; 
    public ushort wHour; 
    public ushort wMinute; 
    public ushort wSecond; 
    public ushort wMilliseconds; 
}

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public extern static void GetSystemTime(ref SYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime);

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public extern static uint SetSystemTime(ref SYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime);

// Set the clock ahead one hour
SYSTEMTIME st = new SYSTEMTIME();
GetSystemTime(ref st);
st.wHour = (ushort)(st.wHour + 1 % 24);
SetSystemTime(ref st);

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Structure SYSTEMTIME
    Public wYear As UInt16
    Public wMonth As UInt16
    Public wDayOfWeek As UInt16
    Public wDay As UInt16
    Public wHour As UInt16
    Public wMinute As UInt16
    Public wSecond As UInt16
    Public wMilliseconds As UInt16
End Structure

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Sub GetSystemTime(ByRef lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME)
End Sub

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function SetSystemTime(ByRef lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME) As UInt32
End Function

'Set the clock ahead one hour
Dim st As New SYSTEMTIME
GetSystemTime(st)
st.wHour = Convert.ToUInt16(((Convert.ToInt32(st.wHour) + 1)) Mod 24)
SetSystemTime(st)

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public const uint FILE_DEVICE_HAL = 0x00000101;
public const uint METHOD_BUFFERED = 0;
public const uint FILE_ANY_ACCESS = 0;

public uint CTL_CODE(uint DeviceType, uint Function, uint Method, uint Access)
{
    return ((DeviceType << 16) | (Access << 14) | (Function << 2) | Method);
}

[DllImport("Coredll.dll")]
public extern static uint KernelIoControl
(
    uint dwIoControlCode,
    IntPtr lpInBuf,
    uint nInBufSize,
    IntPtr lpOutBuf,
    uint nOutBufSize,
    ref uint lpBytesReturned
);

uint ResetPocketPC()
{
    uint bytesReturned = 0;
    uint IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_HAL, 15, 
      METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS);
    return KernelIoControl(IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT, IntPtr.Zero, 0, 
      IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesReturned);
}

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    DialogResult r = MessageBox.Show
    (
        "Are you sure you want to reset?",
        "Test",
        MessageBoxButtons.YesNo,
        MessageBoxIcon.Question,
        MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2
    );

    if (r == DialogResult.Yes)
    {
        ResetPocketPC();
    }
}

'VB
Public Const FILE_DEVICE_HAL As Integer = &H101
Public Const METHOD_BUFFERED As Integer = 0
Public Const FILE_ANY_ACCESS As Integer = 0

Public Function CTL_CODE( _
  ByVal DeviceType As Integer, _
  ByVal Func As Integer, _
  ByVal Method As Integer, _
  ByVal Access As Integer) As Integer

    Return (DeviceType << 16) Or (Access << 14) Or (Func << 2) Or Method

End Function 'CTL_CODE

<DllImport("Coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function KernelIoControl _
( _
    ByVal dwIoControlCode As Integer, _
    ByVal lpInBuf As IntPtr, _
    ByVal nInBufSize As Integer, _
    ByVal lpOutBuf As IntPtr, _
    ByVal nOutBufSize As Integer, _
    ByRef lpBytesReturned As Integer _
) As Integer
End Function

Function ResetPocketPC() As Integer
    Dim bytesReturned As Integer = 0
    Dim IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT As Integer = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_HAL, _
      15, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS)
    Return KernelIoControl(IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT, IntPtr.Zero, 0, _
      IntPtr.Zero, 0, bytesReturned)
End Function 'ResetPocketPC

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
  Handles MyBase.Load
    Dim r As DialogResult = MessageBox.Show( _
        "Are you sure you want to reset?", _
        "Test", _
        MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, _
        MessageBoxIcon.Question, _
        MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2)

    If r = DialogResult.Yes Then
        ResetPocketPC()
    End If

End Sub 'Form1_Load

//C#
const uint SHFS_SHOWTASKBAR = 0x0001;
const uint SHFS_HIDETASKBAR = 0x0002;
const uint SHFS_SHOWSIPBUTTON = 0x0004;
const uint SHFS_HIDESIPBUTTON = 0x0008;
const uint SHFS_SHOWSTARTICON = 0x0010;
const uint SHFS_HIDESTARTICON = 0x0020;

[DllImport("aygshell.dll")]
static extern uint SHFullScreen(IntPtr hwndRequester, uint dwState);

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetCapture();

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    Capture = true;
    IntPtr hwnd = GetCapture();
    Capture = false;
    SHFullScreen(hwnd, SHFS_HIDESTARTICON);
}

'VB
Const SHFS_SHOWTASKBAR As Integer = &H1
Const SHFS_HIDETASKBAR As Integer = &H2
Const SHFS_SHOWSIPBUTTON As Integer = &H4
Const SHFS_HIDESIPBUTTON As Integer = &H8
Const SHFS_SHOWSTARTICON As Integer = &H10
Const SHFS_HIDESTARTICON As Integer = &H20

<DllImport("aygshell.dll")>  _
Shared Function SHFullScreen(ByVal hwndRequester As IntPtr, ByVal dwState As Integer) As Integer
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll")>  _
Public Shared Function GetCapture() As IntPtr
End Function

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

   Capture = True
   Dim hwnd As IntPtr = GetCapture()
   Capture = False

   SHFullScreen(hwnd, SHFS_HIDESTARTICON)

End Sub 'Form1_Load

7. 通用

7.1. 如何确定应用程序的主目录？

使用Reflection，应用程序可以确定自己是从哪个目录启动的，也可以使用IO.Path命名空间来修改它。

//C#
using System.Reflection;
using System.IO;

// This is the full directory and exe name
String fullAppName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase;

// This strips off the exe name
String fullAppPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullAppName);

// This adds a file name to the path
String splashImageName = Path.Combine(fullAppPath, "myfile.txt");

'VB
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection

' This is the full directory and exe name
Dim fullAppName As String = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase

' This strips off the exe name
Dim fullAppPath As String = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullAppName)

' This adds a file name to the path
Dim splashImageName As String = Path.Combine(fullAppPath, "myfile.txt")

• System.Environment.TickCount
  获得一个带符号的整型值，表示从机器启动到调用时经过的豪秒数。在.NET精简框架下，这个值的误差在0.5秒内，大多情况下会比0.5秒小。
• GetTickCount()
  属性Environment.TickCount就是调用GetTickCount函数的，所以没有必要再调用本地代码中的这个方法。
• Performance Monitor
  可以作为压力测试用途，但不是为最终使用的应用程序而设计的。如需更多信息，请查看本问答的 "7.5. 如何使用性能监视器？ " 章节
• Timers
  使用System.Threading.Timer类，可以在线程内设定计时器，用委托(delegate)指向应用程序 。
• Performance Counter
  如果OEM厂商支持的话，QueryPerformanceCounter函数能提供最高精度的计时功能。
  请查看本问答的"6.9. 如何使用性能计数器功能? "章节。
  

//C#
using System.Reflection;

Assembly asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
Bitmap bmpSprite = new Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream("AssemblyName.FileName"));

'VB
Imports System.Reflection

Dim asm As [Assembly] = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly()
Dim bmpSprite As New Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream("AssemblyName.FileName"))

1. 建立注册表键："HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\.NETCompactFramework\PerfMonitor"
2. 新建双字节项，值就是计数器的名字。
3. 把Counters的值设置为1表示允许计数器，设置为0表示禁止使用。

//C#
protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
{
  e.Cancel = true;
}

'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnClosing(ByVal e As CancelEventArgs)
  e.Cancel = True
End Sub 'OnClosing

• 一个主应用程序线程。
• 一个线程控制各种时间间隔，时间间隔是供系统和其他应用程序使用的。
• 一个线程跟踪活动的TCP/IP接口的变化(模拟Windows XP上的媒体动作，Windows CE上是没有这些操作的)。
• 一个执行终止对象的线程。当第一个被垃圾回收的对象回收时，就被建立了。

//C#
public class MyClass
{
  protected byte[] m_data = null;
  // uint uiDummy
  // short sDummy
  
  // This is a bit unsafe so you should throw an
  // exception or assert if the byte array length is
  // not 6. A safer but less memory efficient approach
  // would be to set m_data = new byte[6] and then copy
  //bytes to m_data.
  public MyClass(byte[] bytes) {m_data = bytes;}

  // Get/Set the uint
  public uint uiDummy
  {
    get {return BitConverter.ToUInt32(m_data, 0);}
    set
    {
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(value),0,m_data,0,BitConverter.GetBytes(value).Length);
    }
  }

  // Get/Set the short
  public short sDummy
  {
    get {return BitConverter.ToInt16(m_data, 4);}
    set
    {
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(value),0,m_data,4,BitConverter.GetBytes(value).Length);
    }
  }
}

byte[] fromFile = {1,1,1,1,2,2};
MyClass myClass = new MyClass(fromFile);

uint test1 = myClass.uiDummy; // 0x1010101
short test2 = myClass.sDummy; // 0x202

myClass.sDummy = 0x0505;      // Test setting the short
uint test4 = myClass.uiDummy; // 0x1010101
short test5 = myClass.sDummy; // 0x505

'VB
Public Class ByteClass
  Protected m_data As Byte() = Nothing

  ' uint uiDummy
  ' short sDummy
  ' This is a bit unsafe so you should throw an exception
  ' or assert if the byte array length is not 6. A safer
  ' but less memory efficient approach would be to set
  ' m_data = new byte[6] and then copy bytes to m_data.
  Public Sub New(ByVal bytes() As Byte)
    m_data = bytes
  End Sub 'New

  ' Get/Set the uint
  Public Property uiDummy() As UInt32
    Get
      Return BitConverter.ToUInt32(m_data, 0)
    End Get
    Set(ByVal Value As System.UInt32)
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Value),0,m_data,0,BitConverter.GetBytes(Value).Length)
    End Set
  End Property

  ' Get/Set the short
  Public Property sDummy() As Short
    Get
      Return BitConverter.ToInt16(m_data, 4)
    End Get
    Set(ByVal Value As Short)
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Value),0,m_data,4,BitConverter.GetBytes(Value).Length)
   End Set
  End Property
End Class 'ByteClass

Dim fromFile As Byte() = {1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2}
Dim testClass As New ByteClass(fromFile)

Dim test1 As System.UInt32 = testClass.uiDummy ' 0x1010101 
Dim test2 As Short = testClass.sDummy          ' 0x202
testClass.sDummy = &H505                       ' Test short
Dim test4 As System.UInt32 = testClass.uiDummy ' 0x1010101
Dim test5 As Short = testClass.sDummy          ' 0x505

//C#
public void HandleMe(object o, EventArgs e) {...}
form.Invoke(new EventHandler(form.HandleMe));

'VB
Public Sub HandleMe(o As Object, e As EventArgs)
End Sub 'HandleMe
form.Invoke(New EventHandler(AddressOf form.HandleMe))

//C#
public delegate void MyHandler();
public void HandleMeBadly() {...}
form.Invoke(new MyHandler(form.HandleMeBadly));

'VB
Delegate Sub MyHandler()
Public Sub HandleMeBadly()
End Sub 'HandleMeBadly
form.Invoke(New MyHandler(form.HandleMeBadly))

//C#
using System.Reflection;

String ver = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString();

'VB
Imports System.Reflection;

Dim ver As String = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString()

//C#
static void Main(string[] args)
{
  // Do your thing here
}

'VB
Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
  'Do your thing here
End Sub

//C#
System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo("filename");
// remove readonly attribute
fi.Attributes -= System.IO.FileAttributes.ReadOnly;
System.IO.File.Delete("filename");

'VB
Dim fi As New System.IO.FileInfo("filename")
'remove readonly attribute
fi.Attributes -= IO.FileAttributes.ReadOnly
System.IO.File.Delete("filename")

//C#
using System.Reflection;
using System.Drawing;

Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(200, 100);
int width = 0;

// Explicitly set one pixel for testing
int x = 199;
int y = 20;
Color pixColor = Color.Black;
bm.SetPixel(x,y,Color.Magenta);

// Get the "Width" property
PropertyInfo[] propInfo =
  bm.GetType().GetProperties(BindingFlags.GetProperty | 
  BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);

for (int i = 0; i < propInfo.Length; i++)
{
    if (propInfo[i].Name == "Width")
    {
        width = (int)propInfo[i].GetValue(bm, null);
        break;
    }
}

// Call the GetPixel method
MethodInfo[] methInfo = bm.GetType().GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
for (int i = 0; i < methInfo.Length; i++)
{
    if (methInfo[i].Name == "GetPixel")
    {
        ParameterInfo[] paramInfo = methInfo[i].GetParameters();
        if (paramInfo.Length == 2)
    {

    object[] xy = new object[2];
    if (paramInfo[0].Name == "x")
    {
        xy[0] = x;
        xy[1] = y;
    }
    else
    {
        xy[1] = x;
        xy[0] = y;
    }

    pixColor = (Color)methInfo[i].Invoke(bm, xy);
    break;
}

'VB
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Drawing

Dim bm As New Bitmap(200, 100)
Dim width As Integer = 0

' Explicitly set one pixel for testing
Dim x As Integer = 199
Dim y As Integer = 20
Dim pixColor As Color = Color.Black
bm.SetPixel(x, y, Color.Magenta)

' Get the "Width" property
Dim propInfo As PropertyInfo() = _
  bm.GetType().GetProperties((BindingFlags.GetProperty Or _
  BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Instance))

Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To propInfo.Length - 1
    If propInfo(i).Name = "Width" Then
        width = Fix(propInfo(i).GetValue(bm, Nothing))
        Exit For
    End If
Next i

' Call the SetPixel method
Dim methInfo As MethodInfo() = bm.GetType().GetMethods((BindingFlags.Public _
  Or BindingFlags.Instance))
For i = 0 To methInfo.Length - 1
    If methInfo(i).Name = "GetPixel" Then
        Dim paramInfo As ParameterInfo() = methInfo(i).GetParameters()
        If paramInfo.Length = 2 Then
            Dim xy(1) As Object

            If paramInfo(0).Name = "x" Then
                xy(0) = x
                xy(1) = y
            Else
                xy(1) = x
                xy(0) = y
            End If

            pixColor = CType(methInfo(i).Invoke(bm, xy), Color)
            Exit For
        End If
    End If
Next i

//C#
String devName = System.Net.Dns.GetHostName();

'VB
Dim devName As String = System.Net.Dns.GetHostName()

set CFPath=%SystemDrive%\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\
  CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows CE
csc Form1.cs /noconfig /nostdlib /lib:"%CFPath%"  /r:"%CFPath%\system.dll";"%CFPath%\
  system.drawing.dll";"%CFPath%\system.windows.forms.dll";"%CFPath%\mscorlib.dll"

//C#
string AppName = "MyApp";

Form1 form1 = new Form1();
this.Text = "";
form1.Text = AppName;
form1.ShowDialog();
this.Text = AppName;

'VB
Dim AppName As String = "MyApp"

Dim form1 As New Form1()
Me.Text = ""
form1.Text = AppName
form1.ShowDialog()
Me.Text = AppName

//C#
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    ComboBox c = (ComboBox)this.ControlFromName("combobox1");
    c.Items.Add("1");
    this.GetControls();
}

private Control ControlFromName(string name)
{
    object o = this.GetType().GetField(name,
      System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance |
      System.Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase).GetValue(this);

    return((Control)o);
}

private void GetControls()
{
    System.Reflection.FieldInfo[] fis = this.GetType().GetFields
    (
        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | 
        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance |
        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
    );

    foreach(System.Reflection.FieldInfo fi in fis)
    {
        if (fi.GetValue(this) is Control)
            MessageBox.Show(fi.Name);
    }
}
'VB
Private Function ControlFromName(ByVal name As String) As Control
    Dim o As ObjectDim o As Object
    o = Me.GetType().GetField(name, Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase).GetValue(Me)
   
    Return (CType(o, Control))
End Function

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    Dim c As ComboBox
    c = CType(ControlFromName("_combobox1"), ComboBox)
    c.Items.Add("1")
    Me.GetControls()e.GetControls()
End Sub

Private Sub GetControls()
    Dim fis As System.Reflection.FieldInfo()

    fis = Me.GetType().GetFields(Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase)

    For Each fi As Reflection.FieldInfo In fis
        If TypeOf (fi.GetValue(Me)) Is Control Then
            MessageBox.Show(fi.Name)
        End Ifnd If
    Next
End Sub

//C#
protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e)
{
    switch (e.KeyCode)
    {
        case Keys.Up:
            MessageBox.Show("Up Key Pressed");
            break;
        case Keys.Down:
            MessageBox.Show("Down Key Pressed");
            break;
        case Keys.Left:
            MessageBox.Show("Left Key Pressed");
            break;
        case Keys.Right:
            MessageBox.Show("Right Key Pressed");
            break;
    }
    base.OnKeyDown (e);
}
'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnKeyDown(e As KeyEventArgs)
    Select Case e.KeyCode
        Case Keys.Up
            MessageBox.Show("Up Key Pressed")
        Case Keys.Down
            MessageBox.Show("Down Key Pressed")
        Case Keys.Left
            MessageBox.Show("Left Key Pressed")
        Case Keys.Right
            MessageBox.Show("Right Key Pressed")
    End Select
     
    MyBase.OnKeyDown(e)

End Sub 'OnKeyDown

//C#
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;

public interface IModelessDialogCallback
{
    void DialogResultCallback(DialogResult result);
}

public class Test : System.Windows.Forms.Form, IModelessDialogCallback
{
    ModelessDialog dlg;
    Button bShow;
    int counter = 0;

    protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Text = "Modal(less) Dialog Example";

        this.bShow = new Button();
        this.bShow.Parent = this;
        this.bShow.Bounds = new Rectangle (10, 10, 150, 30);
        this.bShow.Text = "Show Dialog";
        this.bShow.Click += new EventHandler(this._Click);

        this.dlg = new ModelessDialog(this);
    }


    private void _Click(object o, EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Enabled = false;
        this.bShow.Text = "waiting for dlg";
        dlg.Show();
    }

    public void DialogResultCallback(DialogResult result)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("dialog returned: " + (result == DialogResult.OK ? "OK" : "Cancel"));
        this.Enabled = true;
        this.bShow.Text = "Show Dialog:" + ++counter;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Test());
    }
}

public class ModelessDialog : Form
{
    IModelessDialogCallback parent;
    Button bOK, bCancel;

    public ModelessDialog(IModelessDialogCallback parent)
    {
        this.parent = parent;
        this.Text = "Modeless Dialog";

        this.bOK = new Button();
        this.bOK.Parent = this;
        this.bOK.Bounds = new Rectangle (10, 10, 150, 30);
        this.bOK.Text = "OK";
        this.bOK.Click += new EventHandler(this._Click);

        this.bCancel = new Button();
        this.bCancel.Parent = this;
        this.bCancel.Bounds = new Rectangle (10, 50, 150, 30);
        this.bCancel.Text = "Cancel";
        this.bCancel.Click += new EventHandler(this._Click);
    }

    private void _Click(object o, EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Hide();
        this.parent.DialogResultCallback(o == this.bOK ? DialogResult.OK : DialogResult.Cancel);
    }

    protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
    {
        e.Cancel = true;
        this.Hide();
        this.parent.DialogResultCallback(DialogResult.Cancel);
    }
}

'VB
Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.ComponentModel

Public Interface IModelessDialogCallback
   Sub DialogResultCallback(result As DialogResult)
End Interface IModelessDialogCallback'


Public Class Test
   Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form
   Implements IModelessDialogCallback
   Private dlg As ModelessDialog
   Private bShow As Button
   Private counter As Integer = 0
   
   Protected Overrides Sub OnLoad(e As EventArgs)
      Me.Text = "Modal(less) Dialog Example"
      
      Me.bShow = New Button()
      Me.bShow.Parent = Me
      Me.bShow.Bounds = New Rectangle(10, 10, 150, 30)
      Me.bShow.Text = "Show Dialog"
      AddHandler Me.bShow.Click, AddressOf Me._Click
      
      Me.dlg = New ModelessDialog(Me)
   End Sub 'OnLoad
   
   Private Sub _Click(o As Object, e As EventArgs)
      Me.Enabled = False
      Me.bShow.Text = "waiting for dlg"
      dlg.Show()
   End Sub '_Click
   
   Public Sub DialogResultCallback(ByVal result As DialogResult) Implements _
     IModelessDialogCallback.DialogResultCallback
      MessageBox.Show(("dialog returned: " + IIf(result = DialogResult.OK, "OK", "Cancel")))
      Me.Enabled = True
      counter += 1
      Me.bShow.Text = String.Format("Show Dialog: {0}", counter)
   End Sub 'DialogResultCallback

   Public Shared Sub Main()
      Application.Run(New Test)
   End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Test

Public Class ModelessDialog
   Inherits Form
   Private myParent As IModelessDialogCallback
   Private bOK, bCancel As Button
   
   Public Sub New(parent As IModelessDialogCallback)
      Me.myParent = parent
      Me.Text = "Modeless Dialog"
      
      Me.bOK = New Button()
      Me.bOK.Parent = Me
      Me.bOK.Bounds = New Rectangle(10, 10, 150, 30)
      Me.bOK.Text = "OK"
      AddHandler Me.bOK.Click, AddressOf Me._Click
      
      Me.bCancel = New Button()
      Me.bCancel.Parent = Me
      Me.bCancel.Bounds = New Rectangle(10, 50, 150, 30)
      Me.bCancel.Text = "Cancel"
      AddHandler Me.bCancel.Click, AddressOf Me._Click
   End Sub 'New
   
   Private Sub _Click(o As Object, e As EventArgs)
      Me.Hide()
      Me.myParent.DialogResultCallback(IIf(o Is Me.bOK, DialogResult.OK, DialogResult.Cancel))
   End Sub '_Click
   
   Protected Overrides Sub OnClosing(e As CancelEventArgs)
      e.Cancel = True
      Me.Hide()
      Me.myParent.DialogResultCallback(DialogResult.Cancel)
   End Sub 'OnClosing
End Class 'ModelessDialog

• Convert.ToInt32
• Cast or Fix (C# or VB)

//C#
float temp = 3.6f;
int rounded1 = (int)(temp + .5f);
int rounded2 = Convert.ToInt32(temp);

'VB
Dim temp As Single = 3.6F
Dim rounded1 As Integer = Fix(temp + .5F)
Dim rounded2 As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(temp)

//C#
using System.Reflection;
using System.Globalization;

Assembly asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
CultureInfo ci = asm.GetName().CultureInfo;

'VB
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Globalization

Dim asm As Assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
Dim ci As CultureInfo = asm.GetName().CultureInfo

8.通讯和Web服务

8.1. 如何通过TCP Socket向桌面机发送数据？

请查看本问答的"10.5. 写一个捕捉Pocket PC签名的程序. " 部分。

8.2. 为什么不能访问本机上的Web服务？

不要在设备上使用localhost来引用Web服务，因为对于设备来说localhost就是运行应用程序所在的设备，就是设备它本身。您应该使用机器名或IP地址来引用Web服务。

8.3. 如何在微软.net精简框架上调用Web服务

这篇文章向您演示了如何从智能设备上，通过.net精简框架同步和异步调用Web服务：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfwebservices.asp

8.4. 如何通过代理服务器提交HTTP GET申请？

通过或不通过特定的代理服务器提交HTTP GET请求。
使用StreamReader读取返回的HTML，并转成字符数组。然后把返回的值显示在ListBox中，如以下的屏幕截图所示：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/httpgetwithproxy.aspx

8.5. 如何使用Web服务？

这篇快速入门教程，描述了如何使用提供了简单数学计算的Web服务(这个数学计算的Web服务在.net框架的快速入门中有说明，标题是"Write a Simple Web service,")。这个快速入门教程提供了一个Web服务的客户端应用：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/xmlwebservice.aspx

8.6. 如何使用MapPoint3.0得到地图？

这篇快速入门描述了如何使用MapPoint的Web服务，编程实现在PocketPC上获得特定位置的程序，如以下屏幕截图所示：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/mappointfindmap.aspx

8.7. 如何使用MapPoint3.0获得地图和方向？

这篇快速入门教程描述了如何使用MapPoint的Web服务，在PocketPC上获得特定位置的地图方向，如以下屏幕截图所示：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/mappointdirections.aspx

8.8. Is NTLM authentication supported by the .NET Compact Framework?

Using Digest authentication instead of Basic or NTLM authentication is the recommended solution. Digest authentication is supported by the .NET Compact Framework.

8.9. When using blocking Sockets, why does Send throw an InvalidOperationException when blocking is set to false?

There is a known issue with setting Blocking to false on a blocking socket. There are three paradigms when programming with sockets (both managed and native) and it is strongly recommended that developers use asynchronous I/O functions as a solution to this problem. Select is very inefficient in managed code, and the cost of the regular case exception is also high. The three paradigms are detailed below, with the last being the preferred method.

• Use blocking calls on blocking sockets (i.e. send(), recv(), etc). This is the simplest method, and probably the most commonly used. The functions perform their operation synchronously, tying up the currently executing thread. This is most acceptable for clients, and multithreaded servers (Microsoft does not recommend using one thread per client because threads are very expensive on Windows). Note that though the operations may block for an unspecified period of time (i.e. until the operation can be completed), they will most often complete immediately.
• Use non-blocking sockets in conjunction with select or poll. Use the same "blocking" functions, but put the socket in a special mode that prohibits it from blocking. In the cases when the function would block, it returns an error code (in managed code, this throws an exception). You can then use poll or select to wait until a point in time at which an operation would complete (select allows you to manage more than one socket, so you can handle multiple clients on only one thread), and then perform the operation. At the time these calls were created, there were no threads in operating systems, so this was the only way to do things. Using this mechanism has by far the absolute worst performance you could possibly get from socket programming. This problem is exacerbated in managed code, since you now expect an exception to be thrown, which is an even bigger performance hit.
• Use asynchronous I/O functions on the socket. This is your best all around solution. It allows you to perform operations asynchronously, and you get notified by callbacks. In general, the performance is better than using non-blocking I/O with select, and this is the recommendation for how to do things (at least, in native code).

8.10. How do I create an http-server?

Get technical insight on the implementation of Mobile Web Server architecture. Understand use cases, the web server framework and future developments in the architecture:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/NETCFMA.asp

8.11. Why do I get an exception when calling SetSocketOption with ReuseAddress set?

This is a known issue in the version 1 of the .NET Compact Framework. To work around the issue, you can P/Invoke setsockopt with SO_REUSEADDR set to true.

8.12. Why do I get a socket error using SSL to communicate with a server via the WebRequest namespace?

There is a known issue in the .NET Compact Framework. You can work around this by setting HttpWebRequest.AllowStreamWriteBuffering to True and commenting out your setting of the ContentLength.

 

9. SQL CE 和 数据

9.1. 使用.net精简框架、SQL Server CE 和 复制 开发应用程序时，要注意些什么？

这篇文章详细讨论了这个问题：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/03/09/datapoints/toc.asp

9.2. 如何在微软.net精简框架上使用合并复制(Merge Replication)？

这篇文章讨论了如何通过程序在.net精简框架的应用程序中调用合并、复制：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfmergereplication.asp

SQL Server CE是非常好的在设备上管理数据的工具，但在未复制到桌面机的SQL Server之前，它必须保留数据。使用合并、复制在设备上管理数据，然后当设备连接到桌面机时，再合并到桌面机的SQL Server的实例中。.net精简框架提供SqlCeReplication对象，可以通过程序实现数据的合并与复制。
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/sqlcemergereplication.aspx

9.3. 如何将ADO.NET数据和ＸＭＬ绑定？

以下三个步骤：

1. 根据提供的XML文件，建立一个XML Schema文件(.xsd)。
2. 读取XML数据和它的schema，以便操作。
3. 将XML保存会文件。

• 建立一个SQL CE数据库。
• 连接到SQL CE数据库。
• 在SQL CE的数据库中建立一个表。
• 插入一行数据到SQL CE数据库中。

• 设计一个用户可以设置查询值的界面。
• 连接到SQL CE的数据库。
• 把用户输入的值插入到SQL CE的数据库中

rda = new SqlCeRemoteDataAccess();

SqlCeEngine eng = new SqlCeEngine();

10. 其他信息

10.1. Pocket TaskVision 程序

This document provides an overview of the development tasks that were unique to the Pocket TaskVision sample application. Pocket PC devices have much lower storage capacities, memory and lower-end processors than desktop systems—storage and performance considerations are mentioned throughout the document.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/wnf_pkttaskvision.asp

10.2. 建立基于微软.net精简框架的进程管理器

In this article, learn how to marshal structures as byte arrays.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/ProcessManager.asp

10.3. 使用微软.net精简框架开发移动游戏

Learn how to create .NET Compact Framework-based games. Learn the key requirements for writing games targeting small devices and see that the .NET Compact Framework can handle them with ease. Include advanced performance-tuning techniques that you can use to push the limits of your game.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfgaming.asp

10.4. 制作一个微软.net精简框架的DateTimePicker控件

Learn how to use a managed DateTimePicker class in your Pocket PC projects. The .net精简框架 provides managed classes for most controls but the DateTimePicker class is not supported. Wrapper classes that P/Invoke the native control can be found on the Web, but this sample provides a purely managed DateTimePicker class that you can use in your Pocket PC projects. The class and sample application are provided in C# and Visual Basic .NET.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdatetimepicker.asp

10.5. 写一个捕捉Pocket PC签名的程序.

This article discusses the Pocket PC Signature sample application. The sample includes a client that runs on the Pocket PC that sends signature data over TCP sockets to a server that is running on the desktop. Data is encrypted and decrypted using the cryptography services.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/PPCSignatureApp.asp

10.6. 有没有非微软的网站提供在.net精简框架上开发应用的信息？

See the "Related Sites" section of the MSDN Mobile and Embedded Developer Center:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/Community/related/default.aspx

11. 连通性

11.1. 为什么不同通过ActiveSync把程序部署到Windows CE的设备上？

Symptom: When a Windows CE device is connected through ActiveSync, deployment and debugging (F5 and Ctrl-F5) fail with the typical error message "There were deployment errors. Continue?"

Cause: Due to the fact that ActiveSync 3.5 and 3.6 do not provide accurate information about the device instruction set, ConMan (Visual Studio .NET 2003 component for device connectivity) cannot use the information returned by ActiveSync to map a Windows CE device to the right .NET Compact Framework target (MIPSII, ARMV4 etc).

Workaround: Install and run the separately provided Windows CE Configuration Add-In. For ARMV4 devices, an alternative is to select Pocket PC Device at the beginning of the deployment.

11.2. 为什么不能通过ActiveSync调试 CEPC 或其他 x86 的Windows CE设备？

Symptom: After running the Windows CE Device Configuration Add-In, the user can deploy without debugging (Ctrl-F5) to an ActiveSync connected CEPC (or any x86 based Windows CE device) but cannot debug (F5). Non-x86 based Windows CE devices do not have this problem.

Cause: Debugging Windows CE Emulators (also x86 based) uses a TCP port that conflicts with the one used by ActiveSync for debugging x86 based devices. To support Emulator debugging, it is necessary to disable debugging for CEPC and other x86 devices by default.

Workaround: The following workaround will allow debugging of x86 devices but disable debugging with the Windows CE Emulator. The workaround requires the files WinCEx86Device.reg, and ProxyPorts.reg which can be found in the SDK utilities directory: "<VSROOT>\CompactFrameworkSDK\WinCE Utilities\WinCE Proxy Ports Reg".

If you do not have these files they can be downloaded from the following link:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7ec99ca6-2095-4086-b0cc-7c6c39b28762&DisplayLang=en#filelist

• Import WinCEx86Device.reg to the registry. Now you will be able to debug x86 devices, but debugging with the Windows CE Emulator will fail.
• To restore Emulator debugging, remove the registry key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows CE Services\ProxyPorts" and then import ProxyPorts.reg.

1. Open Control Panel, choose Add Hardware, and then choose Next.
2. Choose Yes, I have already connected the hardware, and then choose Next.
3. From the Installed hardware list, select Add a new hardware device, and then choose Next.
4. Choose Install the hardware that I manually select from a list (Advanced), and then choose Next.
5. From the Common hardware types list, select Network adapters, and then choose Next.
6. From the Manufacturer list, select Microsoft.
7. From the Network Adapter list, select Microsoft Loopback Adapter, and then choose Next.
8. Choose Next, and then choose Finish.

1. Open Control Panel, choose Add/Remove Hardware, and then choose Next.
2. Choose Add/Troubleshoot a device, and then choose Next.
3. From the Devices list, select Add a new device, and then choose Next.
4. Choose No, I want to select the hardware from a list, and then choose Next.
5. From the Hardware types list, select Network adapters, and then choose Next.
6. From the Manufacturers list, select Microsoft.
7. From the Network Adapter list, select Microsoft Loopback Adapter, and then choose Next.
8. Choose Next, and then choose Finish.

1. Choose the correct flavor of Keyman.exe (e.g. ARMV4 or SH4, etc) and place it on the device. Launch Keyman and select "FILE->CONNECT". Keyman is now waiting for the VS machine to connect to it via TCP/IP. After the VS machine has connected, and then disconnected, Keyman on the device will automatically exit.
2. On the VS machine, copy CryptoAPIWrapper.dll from <VSROOT>\ CompactFrameworkSDK\ConnectionManager\bin to the directory of KeymanDesktop.exe. Launch KeymanDesktop.exe.
3. Click "Save" to save your settings in the current directory where KeymanDesktop.exe is running. The saved defaults will be loaded next time the exe is launched.
4. Enter the IP Address of the device
5. Use the recommended value for the Device Port.
6. Enter the path of the "Target" directory where the ConmanClient bits such as ConManClient.exe reside. The typical value is \ CompactFrameworkSDK\ConnectionManager\Target.
7. Use the Connect button to connect.
8. Click on "prep device" after you have connected. On success, you will see a dialog telling you everything went OK.
9. Use the Disconnect button to disconnect. When you disconnect, the device side bits will automatically exit.
10. Launch ConManClient.exe on the device. First you must select the flavor of the target device. Also, you must select the location of your "Target" directory in Visual Studio.

1. In Visual Studio, on the Tools menu, click "Select Windows CE Device CPU". Note: this menu item is installed by the Windows CE Utilities for Visual Studio .NET 2003 Add-on Pack
2. Change the device architecture to ARMV4T
3. Click Configure, then click Close. Restart Visual Studio if prompted

12. Smartphone

12.1. Where can I get the latest Smartphone SDK?

Download the Windows Mobile 2003 Smartphone SDK here:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=a6c4f799-ec5c-427c-807c-4c0f96765a81&displaylang=en

12.2. What are the rules for smartphone menus?

Smartphone menus have several rules, such as:

• the first menu item (corresponding to the left soft button) cannot have any sub items
• the second menu item (corresponding to the right soft button) can have sub items
• any other top level menu items are not used

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Const EM_SETINPUTMODE As Integer = &HDE
Public Const EIM_SPELL As Integer = 0
Public Const EIM_AMBIG As Integer = 1
Public Const EIM_NUMBERS As Integer = 2

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function GetFocus() As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function SendMessage(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, _
  ByVal Message As Integer, ByVal wParam As Integer, _
  ByVal lParam As Integer) As Integer
End Function

'Sample use setting TextBox to number input
Private Sub txtAmount_GotFocus(ByVal sender As Object, _
  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtAmount.GotFocus
  
    Dim hWnd As IntPtr
    hWnd = Me.GetFocus()
    SendMessage(hWnd, EM_SETINPUTMODE, 0, EIM_NUMBERS)
    txtAmount.SelectionStart = txtAmount.Text.Length

End Sub

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public const uint EM_SETINPUTMODE = 0xDE;
public const uint EIM_SPELL = 0;
public const uint EIM_AMBIG = 1;
public const uint EIM_NUMBERS = 2;

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetFocus();

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd,
  uint Message, uint wParam, uint lParam);

// Sample use setting TextBox to number input
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    txtAmount.GotFocus +=
      new System.EventHandler(txtAmount_GotFocus);
}

private void txtAmount_GotFocus(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    IntPtr hWnd;
    hWnd = GetFocus();
    SendMessage(hWnd, EM_SETINPUTMODE, 0, EIM_NUMBERS);
    txtAmount.SelectionStart = txtAmount.Text.Length;
}
											


											

• .net精简框架装配使用和.net框架不用的强名称签名，所以CLR可以区分它们。
• 在未来发布的.NET框架和CLR的绑定策略中将使用.NET框架装配代替兼容.NET精简框架参考。这样，在普通情况下，不需要重新连接就能重用组件。 例如：如果您的组件只引用了.net精简框架的 System 和 System.NET 类库，它则不需要重新连接就适合在.net精简框架和完整的.NET框架下运行。
• 如果你引用了.net精简框架特有的功能，如PocketPC特有的用户界面，程序将不能在完整的.net框架上运行。
• 如跨平台的中间组件的开发和发布，微软认为丰富的客户端应用应该利用智能设备特有的功能为用户带来更好的体验。这一味着好的图形用户界面基本上是客户端特有的。
• 尽管微软花费很大精力为不同设备和功能划分了不同的命名空间和装配以避免装配冲突，但在1.0的版本里还是会有不能处理的兼容性问题。在这种情况下，在.net框架上不经意地使用了设备专有的功能将会导致程序在运行时的异常，而不是载入时的异常。

• ARMv4 -> 只支持32位ARMv4指令
• ARMv4T -> 'T' 表示 Thumb. Thumb 是ARM16位指令模式
• ARMv4I -> 'I' 表示 Interworking. 允许32位和16位指令共存

• StrongARM (SA1110) -> 只支持ARMv4指令
• ARM920T, etc -> 支持所有三种情况

• ARMv4 for PocketPC 2000 and Pocket PC 2002. 支持所有ARM设备，包括XScale。发布到设备的CAB文件名包含有"arm"字符。
• ARMv4 for Windows CE.NET. 支持由PlatformBuilder使用ARMv4核心编译的Windows CE.NET设备。Pocket PC 2003支持这种代码。发布到设备的CAB文件名包含有"armv4"字符。
• ARMv4T or ARMv4I for Windows CE.NET. 支持由PlatformBuilder使用ARMv4T 或 ARMv4I核心编译的Windows CE.NET设备。发布到设备的CAB文件名包含有"armv4T"字符。

• Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools Remote Registry Editor
• Microsoft Windows CE Platform Builder Remote Registry Editor
• PHM Pocket PC Registry Editor (共享软件，很容易在网上找到)

1. Open or create a smart device project,
2. On the View menu, click Solution Explorer,
3. In Solution Explorer, right-click on your project, point to Add, and click Add Existing Item. Browse to and add the desired file to the project.
4. Right-click on the file that you added, in solution explorer, and click Properties,
5. Set the Build Action property to "Content", if it is not already set.

• 1.55MB (ROM) on Pocket PC 2000/2002
• 1.35MB (ROM) on Windows Mobile for Pocket PC 2003 or Windows CE .NET Devices

• .5 MB+ (depends on application)

• 5 - 100 KB

• Remove assemblies from the GAC using the -u option
• Install assemblies to the GAC using the -i option

• Unable to associate an Icon to the Control for showing it in the toolbox at design time
• The component, when added to the toolbox, becomes greyed out

• Using a design project separate from the control project. Visual Studio .NET automatically prepends the project default namespace to the bitmap name. The "default namespace" defaults to the project name. This may be a problem because the design project has a slightly different name than the runtime project.
• Not setting the correct ToolBoxItemFilterAttribute values

ToolBoxItemFilterAttribute("NETCF",ToolBoxItemFilterType.Require)
ToolBoxItemFilterAttribute("System.CF.Windows.Forms", ToolBoxITemFilterType.Custom)

2. 图形

2.1. 怎样建立一个图形对象？

有很多种方法可以建立图形对象，看你怎么用：

在OnPaint中，使用object参数提供的PaintEventArgs参数：

//C#
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
  e.Graphics.DrawLine(...);
}

'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(ByVal e As PaintEventArgs)
    e.Graphics.DrawLine(...)
End Sub 'OnPaint

//C#
using System.Drawing;

Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics();

'VB
Imports System.Drawing

Dim g As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics()

//C#
using System.Drawing;

Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(10,10);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bm);

'VB
Imports System.Drawing

Dim bm As New Bitmap(10, 10)
Dim g As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bm)

• 只建立一个图形对象 (或只使用OnPaint中的 PaintEventArgs)。
• 把所有绘图工作先画到不显示的位图上，再一次性把位图显示出来。
• 只重画变化的部分图象。
• 尽可能在相同的区域上画相同大小的图象。

//C#
using System.Drawing.Imaging;

ImageAttributes attr = new ImageAttributes();

'VB
Imports System.Drawing.Imaging

Dim attr As New ImageAttributes()

//C#
attr.SetColorKey(bmp.GetPixel(0,0), bmp.GetPixel(0,0));

'VB
attr.SetColorKey(bmp.GetPixel(0,0), bmp.GetPixel(0,0))

//C#
attr.SetColorKey(Color.FromArgb(255,0,255),Color.FromArgb(255,0,255));
attr.SetColorKey(Color.Fuchsia, Color.Fuchsia);

'VB
attr.SetColorKey(Color.FromArgb(255,0,255),Color.FromArgb(255,0,255))
attr.SetColorKey(Color.Fuchsia, Color.Fuchsia)

//C#
g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height,GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attr);

'VB
g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height,GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attr)

//C#
using System.Drawing;

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
  string s = "Hello World"

  Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Fuchsia);
  Font font = new Font("Arial", 18, FontStyle.Regular);
  Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);

  SizeF sSize = e.Graphics.MeasureString(s, font);

  Rectangle r = new Rectangle(9, 199,(int)sSize.Width + 1, (int)sSize.Height + 1);

  e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, r);
  e.Graphics.DrawString(s, font, brush, 10.0f, 200.0f);

  base.OnPaint (e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Drawing

Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(e As PaintEventArgs)
  Dim s As String = "Hello World"
  
  Dim pen As New Pen(Color.Fuchsia)
  Dim font As New Font("Arial", 18, FontStyle.Regular)
  Dim brush = New SolidBrush(Color.Black)

  Dim sSize As SizeF = e.Graphics.MeasureString(s, font)

  Dim r As New Rectangle(9, 199, Fix(sSize.Width) + 1, Fix(sSize.Height) + 1)

  e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, r)
  e.Graphics.DrawString(s, font, brush, 10F, 200F)

  MyBase.OnPaint(e)

End Sub 'OnPaint

• Drawing filled rectangles with the Graphics.FillRectangle method
• Drawing multiple lines next to each other
• Writing a custom graphics routine with GAPI

//C#
using System.Drawing;
using System.Reflection;

Bitmap m_bmpOriginal;
Bitmap m_bmpZoom;

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    Assembly asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
    m_bmpOriginal = new Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream(asm.GetName().Name
      + ".MyImage.bmp"));

    // Take the center quarter of m_bmpOriginal
    // and create stetch it into m_bmpZoom of the same size
    m_bmpZoom = new Bitmap(m_bmpOriginal.Width, m_bmpOriginal.Height);
    Graphics gZoom = Graphics.FromImage(m_bmpZoom);
    
    Rectangle srcRect = new Rectangle(m_bmpOriginal.Width / 4, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 4,
      m_bmpOriginal.Width / 2, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 2);
    Rectangle dstRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, m_bmpZoom.Width, m_bmpZoom.Height);
    gZoom.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, dstRect, srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, 0, 0);
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpZoom, 125, 0);
    base.OnPaint (e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Reflection

Private m_bmpOriginal As Bitmap
Private m_bmpZoom As Bitmap

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    Dim asm As [Assembly] = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly()
    m_bmpOriginal = New Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream((asm.GetName().Name _
      + ".MyImage.bmp")))

    ' Take the center quarter of m_bmpOriginal
    ' and create stetch it into m_bmpZoom of the same size
    m_bmpZoom = New Bitmap(m_bmpOriginal.Width, m_bmpOriginal.Height)
    Dim gZoom As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(m_bmpZoom)

    Dim srcRect As New Rectangle(m_bmpOriginal.Width / 4, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 4, _
      m_bmpOriginal.Width / 2, m_bmpOriginal.Height / 2)
    Dim dstRect As New Rectangle(0, 0, m_bmpZoom.Width, m_bmpZoom.Height)
    gZoom.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, dstRect, srcRect, GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
End Sub 'Form1_Load

Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(ByVal e As PaintEventArgs)
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpOriginal, 0, 0)
    e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_bmpZoom, 125, 0)
    MyBase.OnPaint(e)
End Sub 'OnPaint

3. 发布

3.1. 怎样建立一个PocketPC的设置程序？

这篇文章告诉您如何建立一个单独的.msi文件，可以运行并把应用安装到不同的Pocket PC设备上。整个过程都是自动的，所以很容易把所有需要的组件都打包到.msi文件中。包含C#和Microsoft Visual Basic .NET代码。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdeployment.asp

3.2. 哪个发布包可以包括在我的安装程序中？

您可以为您的用户提供一个最终的发布包，以帮助他们升级设备。您不能拆开这个发布包把内容给您的用户。但是，您可以拆开开发人员的发布包把内容给您的用户。

3.3. 怎样可以建立一个不需要.net框架的安装程序？

这篇文章讨论了如何成功的安装一个Pocket PC的应用：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnppc2k/html/ppc_allation.asp

3.4. 怎样建立不受PocketPC系统约束的CAB安装文件？

您可以建立一个.inf文件生成一个适合任何Pocket PC设备的应用程序安装文件。查看示例代码：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/cabfile.aspx

3.5. 为什么不同的处理器会有不同的CAB安装文件？

每一个CAB文件都包含一小段检测智能设备上的.net精简框架版本的代码。这个功能是处理器/平台特有的，不同的CAB文件根据处理器类型绑定不同的代码。

3.6. How do I create a desktop installer that detects the presence of the .NET Compact Framework on the target device and installs it if necessary?

The article titled "Creating an MSI Package that Detects and Updates the .NET Compact Framework" in the MSDN Library describes a technique that may be used:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/understanding/articles/default.aspx?pull=/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdepl.asp

3.7. How do I deploy a .NET Compact Framework Service Pack to the emulator?

Download and install to your desktop development PC a "Developer" version of the service pack (the download title will read something like: "Microsoft® .NET Compact Framework 1.0 SPx Developer Redistributable") from:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/downloads/updates/default.aspx

The next step is to copy the appropriate .NET Compact Framework cab file (as per next paragraph) to the emulator. From within the emulator point File Explorer to a share on your PC and then copy and paste the cab to somewhere on the emulator's file system. Now launch the cab file from File Explorer and answer "Yes" if asked to overwrite anything.

4. 图形用户界面(GUI): 窗体

4.1. 怎样建立一个全屏的窗体？

您必须把WindowState属性设置为最大化。做一个看不见的窗体，如把全屏的图片放到窗体中，您需要把FormBorderStyle设置为None，关掉ControlBox删掉窗体中所有的菜单。

//C#
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
this.ControlBox = false;
this.Menu = null;

'VB
Me.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized
Me.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None
Me.ControlBox = False
Me.Menu = Nothing

//C#
this.MinimizeBox = false;

'VB
Me.MinimizeBox = False

• 把一个窗体的代码分成多个窗体。过多控件的窗体，会影响程序开始时载入的性能。尽可能把用户界面分成两个或多个窗体。
• 不要在设计时填充大的、内部的、带集合的控件。如果你把很多节点集合加到TreeView控件中，这样会在InitializeComponent方法中加入大量代码。尽可能把加入集合的代码移到Form.Load事件中。这样做的缺点是，要在设计时编辑这些集合将变得不容易，但它有助于分割代码。
• 不要把自己的代码添加到InitializeComponent方法中，这对通常的编码都有用，不建议添加、修改设计起生成的代码。这样做会造成设计器不可知的错误。如果你想添加自己的启动代码，你应该在Form.Load事件中做。
• 运行时初始化类似的控件。比如，有12个Button控件，只是文字和位置不同，你应该考虑使用循环来设置属性，而不是在设计时设置属性。在次，如果你自己写代码来实现它，不要把代码放在InitializeComponent方法中。

4.12. Why does showing a MessageBox on Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphone with the Abort, Retry, and Fail set of buttons or the Yes, No, Cancel set of buttons, or the third button as the default button result in a NotSupportedException?

Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphone only supports 1 or 2 button MessageBoxes.

4.13 How do I get an icon in the Pocket PC Start Menu Most Recently Used (MRU) List?

Create a shortcut to your application somewhere under \windows\start menu\programs. When your application is launched from this shortcut an icon for your applications will appear the MRU list.

//c#
Rectangle screen = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds;
this.Location = new Point((screen.Width - this.Width) / 2,
  (screen.Height - this.Height ) / 2);

'VB
Dim theScreen As Rectangle
theScreen = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds()
Me.Location = New Point((theScreen.Width - Me.Width) / 2, _
  (theScreen.Height - Me.Height) / 2)

// C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Reflection;

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    this.Text = string.Format("Form {0}", new Random().Next());
}

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern int SetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, string lpString);

protected override void OnResize(EventArgs e)
{
    Assembly asm = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
    IntPtr hWnd = FindWindow("#NETCF_AGL_PARK_",
      asm.GetModules()[0].FullyQualifiedName);

    if (hWnd != IntPtr.Zero)
        SetWindowText(hWnd, "#42");

    base.OnResize (e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Reflection

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, _
  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    Me.Text = String.Format("Form {0}", New Random().Next())
End Sub 'Form1_Load

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function FindWindow(ByVal lpClassName As String, _
  ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function SetWindowText(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, _
  ByVal lpString As String) As Integer
End Function

Protected Overrides Sub OnResize(ByVal e As EventArgs)
    Dim asm As [Assembly] = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
    Dim hWnd As IntPtr = FindWindow("#NETCF_AGL_PARK_", _
      asm.GetModules()(0).FullyQualifiedName)
    If hWnd.ToInt32() <> IntPtr.Zero.ToInt32() Then
        SetWindowText(hWnd, "#42")
    End If
    MyBase.OnResize(e)
End Sub 'OnResize

  Top of Page

5. 图形用户界面 (GUI): 通用

5.1. 怎样建立一个带有图形或支持多行的按钮？

建立一个带有图形或支持多行的按钮需要使用自定义控件。自定义控件能继承button的paint方法，以及其他任何需要的自定义数据。参考以下连接获得更多关于自定义控件的信息：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/customctrlscompactfx.asp

快速入门教程告诉你如何建立一个带图像的按钮：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/picturebutton.aspx

5.2. TextBox.AcceptsReturn在.net精简框架下是怎样工作的？

虽然设置了AcceptsReturn为false，但它还是按true的方式来操作。你可以写一个继承TextBox的类，在KeyPress事件中实现对Enter的处理。

5.3. 当数据载入ComboBox的时候，为什么SelectedIndexChanged事件没有被触发？

这是一个已经知道的问题，将在以后的.net精简框架中发布。

5.4. Show和ShowDialog有什么不同？

ShowDialog会把一个窗体以 模式 方式显示，这是一种独占调用方式，知道窗体关闭才会返回。这个方法将返回一个DialogResult枚举，表示关闭的条件。
Show是一种非独占的调用方式，和显示一个控件一样，可以立刻返回，没有返回参数。显示一个控件意味着Visible属性被设置为true，直到Hide方法被调用，Visible方法才会变为false。

5.5. 为什么我不能建立右键菜单分离器？(separator)

这是一个已经知道的BUG，把右键菜单设置为分割线，将抛出NotSupportedException错误。这个问题是由于WinCE系统有个限制，不允许在已经加入右键菜单的菜单项设置为分隔符，并且菜单的父类是一个控件。在Visual Studio 2003种，设计器分割移动应用代码的方式和PC上的应用程序类似。这是导致此问题的原因。解决的方法是，把右键菜单单独放在InitilizeComponent方法外的地方。

5.6. 运行时把ImageList赋给ToolBar时，为什么图象不出现？

你可以在窗体载入的时候把ImageList分配给ToolBar，但重新应用图像在ToolBar上的顺序。在设置ToolBar的ImageList之前 设置ToolBar按钮的图像顺序是不被支持的。

5.7. 怎样把光标设置成等待状态？

这段代码可以把光标设置成等待光标：

//C#
Cursor.Current = Cursors.WaitCursor;

'VB
Cursor.Current = Cursors.WaitCursor

//C#
Cursor.Current = Cursors.Default;

'VB
Cursor.Current = Cursors.Default

//C#
protected override void OnParentChanged(EventArgs e)
{
  base.OnParentChanged(e);
  this.BackColor = Parent.BackColor;
}

'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnParentChanged(ByVal e As EventArgs)
  MyBase.OnParentChanged(e)
  Me.BackColor = Parent.BackColor
End Sub 'OnParentChanged

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

const uint SIPF_OFF = 0x0;
const uint SIPF_ON = 0x1;

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
private extern static void SipShowIM(uint dwFlag);

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Const SIPF_OFF As Integer = &H0
Const SIPF_ON As Integer = &H1

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Private Shared Function SipShowIM(ByVal dwFlag As Integer) As Integer
End Function

//C#
foreach (TreeNode node in treeView1.Nodes)
{
    node.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("SubNode"));
}

'VB
Dim node As TreeNode
For Each node In  treeView1.Nodes
    node.Nodes.Add(New TreeNode("SubNode"))
Next node

//C#
DataSet ds = new DataSet();

int numRows = ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count;
int numCols = ds.Tables[0].Columns.Count;

'VB
Dim ds As New DataSet()

Dim numRows As Integer = ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count
Dim numCols As Integer = ds.Tables(0).Columns.Count

//C#
public Control GetNextControl(Control ctl, bool forward)
{
    int curIndex = this.Controls.IndexOf(ctl);

    if (forward)
    {
        if (curIndex < this.Controls.Count)
            curIndex++;
        else
            curIndex = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        if (curIndex > 0)
            curIndex--;
        else
            curIndex = this.Controls.Count - 1;
    }

    return this.Controls[curIndex];
}

'VB
Public Function GetNextControl(ByVal ctl As Control, _
  ByVal forward As Boolean) As Control
    Dim curIndex As Integer = Me.Controls.IndexOf(ctl)

    If forward Then
        If curIndex < Me.Controls.Count Then
            curIndex += 1
        Else
            curIndex = 0
        End If
    Else
        If curIndex > 0 Then
            curIndex -= 1
        Else
            curIndex = Me.Controls.Count - 1
        End If
    End If
    
    Return Me.Controls(curIndex)

End Function 'GetNextControl

//C#
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;

// Loaded as content example
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    this.imageList1.Images.Add(new Icon(File.Open("fullFileName.ico",
      FileMode.Open)));

    this.toolBar1.Buttons[0].ImageIndex = 0;
}

// Loaded as a resource example
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    this.imageList1.Images.Add(new
      Icon(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(
      ".filename.ico")));

    this.toolBar1.Buttons[0].ImageIndex = 0;
}

'VB
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection

' Loaded as content example
Private Sub Form1_Load1(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

    Me.imageList1.Images.Add(New Icon(File.Open("fullFileName.ico", _
      FileMode.Open)))

    Me.toolBar1.Buttons(0).ImageIndex = 0

End Sub 'Form1_Load1

' Loaded as a resource example
Private Sub Form1_Load2(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

    Me.imageList1.Images.Add(New _
      Icon([Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream( _
      ".filename.ico")))

    Me.toolBar1.Buttons(0).ImageIndex = 0

End Sub 'Form1_Load2

6. 与本地代码(Native Code)互用

6.1. 如何调用本地代码写的ＤＬＬ中的函数？

本地DLL代码可以通过系统的Invoke (P/Invoke)方法调用。这些文章提供了如何实现调用和更多的调用技巧：

• 学习如何使用.net精简框架的Platform Invoke (P/Invoke)细节：
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfintrointerp.asp
• 深入探索.net精简框架下的互用性。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfadvinterop.asp
  
• 学习如何通过P/Invoke建立智能设备上的非托管代码。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/unmanagedfuncs.asp
  
• 如何在.net精简框架上汇集托管和非托管代码的数据。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfmarshallingtypes.asp
  
• 学习使用工具dumpbin.exe在微软.net精简框架的应用中申明P/Invokes。
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdumpbinpinvoke.asp
  

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public class MEMORYSTATUS
{
  public uint dwLength;
  public uint dwMemoryLoad;
  public uint dwTotalPhys;
  public uint dwAvailPhys;
  public uint dwTotalPageFile;
  public uint dwAvailPageFile;
  public uint dwTotalVirtual;
  public uint dwAvailVirtual;
}

[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus
(
  MEMORYSTATUS lpBuffer
);

[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern int GetSystemMemoryDivision
(
  ref uint lpdwStorePages,
  ref uint lpdwRamPages,
  ref uint lpdwPageSize
);

public void Test()
{
  uint storePages = 0;
  uint ramPages = 0;
  uint pageSize = 0;
  int res = GetSystemMemoryDivision(ref storePages, ref ramPages, ref pageSize);

  MEMORYSTATUS memStatus = new MEMORYSTATUS();
  GlobalMemoryStatus(memStatus);
}

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Structure MEMORYSTATUS
  Public dwLength As UInt32
  Public dwMemoryLoad As UInt32
  Public dwTotalPhys As UInt32
  Public dwAvailPhys As UInt32
  Public dwTotalPageFile As UInt32
  Public dwAvailPageFile As UInt32
  Public dwTotalVirtual As UInt32
  Public dwAvailVirtual As UInt32
End Structure 'MEMORYSTATUS

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Private Shared Sub GlobalMemoryStatus(ByRef ms As MEMORYSTATUS)
End Sub

<DllImport("CoreDll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function GetSystemMemoryDivision( _
  ByRef lpdwStorePages As UInt32, _
  ByRef lpdwRamPages As UInt32, _
  ByRef lpdwPageSize As UInt32) As Integer
End Function

Public Shared Sub Test()
  Dim storePages As UInt32
  Dim ramPages As UInt32
  Dim pageSize As UInt32
  Dim res As Integer = GetSystemMemoryDivision(storePages, ramPages, pageSize)

  Dim memStatus As New MEMORYSTATUS
  GlobalMemoryStatus(memStatus)
End Sub 'Test

1. 继承窗体的OnGotFocus方法。
2. 找到窗体的窗口句柄。
3. 调用ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE)强制窗体最小化。

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string className,string WindowsName);

[DllImport("CoreDll")]
public static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hwnd,int nCmdShow);

const int SW_MINIMIZE = 6;

protected override void OnGotFocus(EventArgs e)
{
  IntPtr hwnd = FindWindow(null, this.Text);
  ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE);
  base.OnGotFocus(e);
}

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function FindWindow(ByVal className As String, ByVal WindowsName As String) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("CoreDll")> _
Public Shared Function ShowWindow(ByVal hwnd As IntPtr,ByVal nCmdShow As Integer) As Boolean
End Function

Private Const SW_MINIMIZE As Integer = 6

Protected Overrides Sub OnGotFocus(ByVal e As EventArgs)
  Dim hwnd As IntPtr = FindWindow(Nothing, Me.Text)
  ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_MINIMIZE)
  MyBase.OnGotFocus(e)
End Sub 'OnGotFocus

//C#
[DllImport("coredll.dll"]
public static extern IntPtr GetCapture();

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(String lpClassName, String lpWindowName);

this.Text = "FindMe";
IntPtr hwnd1 = FindWindow(null, "FindMe");

this.Capture = true;
IntPtr hwnd2 = GetCapture();
this.Capture = false;

'VB
<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function GetCapture() As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function FindWindow(ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr
End Function

Me.Text = "FindMe"
Dim deskWin As IntPtr = FindWindow(Nothing, "FindMe")

Me.Capture = True
Dim hwnd As IntPtr = GetCapture()
Me.Capture = False

//C#
[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern int QueryPerformanceFrequency(ref Int64 lpFrequency);

[DllImport("CoreDll.dll")]
public static extern int QueryPerformanceCounter(ref Int64 lpPerformanceCount);

private void TestTimer()
{
  System.Int64 freq = 0;
  if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(ref freq) != 0)
  {
    System.Int64 count1 = 0;
    System.Int64 count2 = 0;

    if (QueryPerformanceCounter(ref count1) != 0)
    {
      System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1200);
      QueryPerformanceCounter(ref count2);
      System.Int64 time_ms = (count2 - count1) * 1000 / freq;
    }
  }
}

'VB
<DllImport("CoreDll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function QueryPerformanceFrequency(ByRef lpFrequency As Int64) As Integer
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function QueryPerformanceCounter(ByRef lpPerformanceCount As Int64) As Integer
End Function

Private Sub TestTimer()
    Dim freq As System.Int64 = 0

    If QueryPerformanceFrequency(freq) <> 0 Then
        Dim count1 As System.Int64 = 0
        Dim count2 As System.Int64 = 0

        If QueryPerformanceCounter(count1) <> 0 Then
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1200)
            QueryPerformanceCounter(count2)
            Dim time_ms As System.Int64 = (count2 - count1) * 1000 / freq
        End If
    End If
End Sub 'TestTimer

• 返回值
  • 只能是长度小于等于32位的类型
  • 非浮点型not floating point
• 参数
  • Only support marshaling blittable types
    • blittable types -> same representation in memory in both managed and native
    • non-blittable -> memory transformation required
    • Since only blittable types, all objects are pinned and never copied
      • Exception: passing String ByVal in VB.NET
    • Implies that you can't marshal nested objects since this requires a memory transformation (non-blittable)
  • 只能是长度小于等于32位的类型
    • 值通过堆栈传递
    • 例外：float32
  • 参考(References)
    • Pass blittable reference types
    • 把参考传递到值类型变量
    • 这就是如何传递float32类型的值
  • 可以传递值类型的数组
    • 在本地代码中，您可以使用指针指向第一个对象，然后一个接一个地访问其他对象
  • String是特殊的，传递char数组 -> 不变的
  • StringBuilder是特殊的，传递char数组 -> 易变的 (需要单独传递长度)
  • 注意：C# bool是8个比特位的，并且不等于Win32的BOOL
  • 队列：编译器默认的队列 (4字节)
  • Marshal.GetLastWin32Error 支持 GetLastError() 语义
  • 未支持的：
    • MarshalAs: no support for non-blittable types
    • StructLayout: 不能改变外观
    • Delegates(委托)
    • DateTime
    • Only support default calling convention

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError=true)]
int myFoo(...);
 
Foo(...)
{
    int rc = myFoo(...);
 
    if (rc == false)
    {
        throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(), "Foo failed");
    }
}

• 在托管代码中的申明不正确
• .net精简框架不支持你想做的操作
• dll的名称在暴露过程中损坏了

• 有没有违反.net精简框架 P/Invoke(调用)的限制?
• 有没有参数需要预先分配内存(如，是不是指针)? 如果是的，您应该传递已经存在的变量的参考。
• 暴露的函数名是否正确？ 可以用DUMPBIN.EXE工具来验证
• 是不是想尝试太多的参数？

//C#
[DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern long RegOpenKey(
    IntPtr hkey, 
    string lpSubKey, 
    ref IntPtr hkeyResult
);

public long OpenMySubKey()
{
    IntPtr hkey = IntPtr.Zero;
    return RegOpenKey(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "MySubKey", ref hkey);
}

'VB
<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function RegOpenKey(ByVal hkey As IntPtr, ByVal lpSubKey As String, ByRef hkeyResult As IntPtr) As Long
End Function

Public Function OpenMySubKey() As Long
    Dim hkey As IntPtr = IntPtr.Zero
    Return RegOpenKey(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "MySubKey", hkey)
End Function 'OpenMySubKey

//C#
unsafe
{
    byte[] test = new byte[5];
    fixed (byte* p = &test[0])
    {
        *p = 0xff;
    }
}

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

byte[] test = new byte[5];
GCHandle hObject = GCHandle.Alloc(test, GCHandleType.Pinned);
IntPtr pObject = hObject.AddrOfPinnedObject();

if(hObject.IsAllocated)
    hObject.Free();

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Dim test(4) As Byte
Dim hObject As GCHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(test, GCHandleType.Pinned)
Dim pObject As IntPtr = hObject.AddrOfPinnedObject()
If hObject.IsAllocated Then
    hObject.Free()
End If

//C#
[DllImport("coredll.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr LocalAlloc(uint uFlags, uint uBytes); 
		
[DllImport("coredll.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr LocalFree(IntPtr hMem);

[DllImport("coredll.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr LocalReAlloc(IntPtr hMem, uint uBytes, uint fuFlags); 

public const uint LMEM_FIXED = 0;
public const uint LMEM_MOVEABLE = 2;
public const uint LMEM_ZEROINIT = 0x0040;

byte[] test = new byte[5];
IntPtr p = LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED | LMEM_ZEROINIT, (uint)test.Length);

if (p == IntPtr.Zero) 
{
	throw new OutOfMemoryException();
} 
else 
{
	Marshal.Copy(test, 0, p, test.Length);
}

'VB
<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function LocalAlloc(ByVal uFlags As UInt32, ByVal uBytes As UInt32) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function LocalFree(ByVal hMem As IntPtr) As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
Public Shared Function LocalReAlloc(ByVal hMem As IntPtr, ByVal uBytes As UInt32, ByVal fuFlags As UInt32) As IntPtr
End Function

Public Const LMEM_FIXED As Integer = 0
Public Const LMEM_MOVEABLE As Integer = 2
Public Const LMEM_ZEROINIT As Integer = &H40

Dim test(4) As Byte
Dim p As IntPtr = LocalAlloc(Convert.ToUInt32(LMEM_FIXED Or LMEM_ZEROINIT), Convert.ToUInt32(test.Length))
If p.Equals(IntPtr.Zero) Then
    Throw New OutOfMemoryException
Else
    Marshal.Copy(test, 0, p, test.Length)
End If

• If targeting Pocket PC 2003 use Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0.
• If targeting Pocket PC 2000 or 2002 use Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools 3.0
• Verify that the parameters to the function match those of the original
  • A long in native code is typically 32-bits, whereas in the .NET Compact Framework it is 64-bits
  • Beware of bool
    • According to MSDN documentation, "Its size is unspecified.":
      http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vccelng4/html/ellrffundamentaltypes.asp
    • In a Microsoft specific section of the MSDN documentation, the bool size is described as varying depending on the version of Visual C++ used to build the binary.:
      http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vccelng4/html/ellrfbool.asp
  • A BOOL is defined as an int (32-bit value)
  • .NET Compact Framework Blittable Types:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dv_vccelng4/html/ellrffundamentaltypes.asp
  • Non Blittable Types and Marshaling Support:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dv_evtuv/html/etconNonBlittableTypesMarshalingSupport.asp
• Make sure that the function name is spelled correctly
• Verify that the DLL is located correctly - Windows or executing folder of target device
• Verify with DUMPBIN that the names of the functions were not mangled on exporting of the DLL (extern "C" fixes this). More information on this topic can be found in section "6.1. How do I call a function that is in a native DLL?" of this FAQ.
• Verify that the DLL being imported is not dependant upon other DLLs. A missing dependant DLL will result in the MissingMethodException.

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public struct SYSTEMTIME 
{
    public ushort wYear;
    public ushort wMonth; 
    public ushort wDayOfWeek; 
    public ushort wDay; 
    public ushort wHour; 
    public ushort wMinute; 
    public ushort wSecond; 
    public ushort wMilliseconds; 
}

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public extern static void GetSystemTime(ref SYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime);

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public extern static uint SetSystemTime(ref SYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime);

// Set the clock ahead one hour
SYSTEMTIME st = new SYSTEMTIME();
GetSystemTime(ref st);
st.wHour = (ushort)(st.wHour + 1 % 24);
SetSystemTime(ref st);

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Structure SYSTEMTIME
    Public wYear As UInt16
    Public wMonth As UInt16
    Public wDayOfWeek As UInt16
    Public wDay As UInt16
    Public wHour As UInt16
    Public wMinute As UInt16
    Public wSecond As UInt16
    Public wMilliseconds As UInt16
End Structure

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Sub GetSystemTime(ByRef lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME)
End Sub

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function SetSystemTime(ByRef lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME) As UInt32
End Function

'Set the clock ahead one hour
Dim st As New SYSTEMTIME
GetSystemTime(st)
st.wHour = Convert.ToUInt16(((Convert.ToInt32(st.wHour) + 1)) Mod 24)
SetSystemTime(st)

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public const uint FILE_DEVICE_HAL = 0x00000101;
public const uint METHOD_BUFFERED = 0;
public const uint FILE_ANY_ACCESS = 0;

public uint CTL_CODE(uint DeviceType, uint Function, uint Method, uint Access)
{
    return ((DeviceType << 16) | (Access << 14) | (Function << 2) | Method);
}

[DllImport("Coredll.dll")]
public extern static uint KernelIoControl
(
    uint dwIoControlCode,
    IntPtr lpInBuf,
    uint nInBufSize,
    IntPtr lpOutBuf,
    uint nOutBufSize,
    ref uint lpBytesReturned
);

uint ResetPocketPC()
{
    uint bytesReturned = 0;
    uint IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_HAL, 15, 
      METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS);
    return KernelIoControl(IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT, IntPtr.Zero, 0, 
      IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bytesReturned);
}

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    DialogResult r = MessageBox.Show
    (
        "Are you sure you want to reset?",
        "Test",
        MessageBoxButtons.YesNo,
        MessageBoxIcon.Question,
        MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2
    );

    if (r == DialogResult.Yes)
    {
        ResetPocketPC();
    }
}

'VB
Public Const FILE_DEVICE_HAL As Integer = &H101
Public Const METHOD_BUFFERED As Integer = 0
Public Const FILE_ANY_ACCESS As Integer = 0

Public Function CTL_CODE( _
  ByVal DeviceType As Integer, _
  ByVal Func As Integer, _
  ByVal Method As Integer, _
  ByVal Access As Integer) As Integer

    Return (DeviceType << 16) Or (Access << 14) Or (Func << 2) Or Method

End Function 'CTL_CODE

<DllImport("Coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function KernelIoControl _
( _
    ByVal dwIoControlCode As Integer, _
    ByVal lpInBuf As IntPtr, _
    ByVal nInBufSize As Integer, _
    ByVal lpOutBuf As IntPtr, _
    ByVal nOutBufSize As Integer, _
    ByRef lpBytesReturned As Integer _
) As Integer
End Function

Function ResetPocketPC() As Integer
    Dim bytesReturned As Integer = 0
    Dim IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT As Integer = CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_HAL, _
      15, METHOD_BUFFERED, FILE_ANY_ACCESS)
    Return KernelIoControl(IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT, IntPtr.Zero, 0, _
      IntPtr.Zero, 0, bytesReturned)
End Function 'ResetPocketPC

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
  Handles MyBase.Load
    Dim r As DialogResult = MessageBox.Show( _
        "Are you sure you want to reset?", _
        "Test", _
        MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, _
        MessageBoxIcon.Question, _
        MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2)

    If r = DialogResult.Yes Then
        ResetPocketPC()
    End If

End Sub 'Form1_Load

//C#
const uint SHFS_SHOWTASKBAR = 0x0001;
const uint SHFS_HIDETASKBAR = 0x0002;
const uint SHFS_SHOWSIPBUTTON = 0x0004;
const uint SHFS_HIDESIPBUTTON = 0x0008;
const uint SHFS_SHOWSTARTICON = 0x0010;
const uint SHFS_HIDESTARTICON = 0x0020;

[DllImport("aygshell.dll")]
static extern uint SHFullScreen(IntPtr hwndRequester, uint dwState);

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetCapture();

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    Capture = true;
    IntPtr hwnd = GetCapture();
    Capture = false;
    SHFullScreen(hwnd, SHFS_HIDESTARTICON);
}

'VB
Const SHFS_SHOWTASKBAR As Integer = &H1
Const SHFS_HIDETASKBAR As Integer = &H2
Const SHFS_SHOWSIPBUTTON As Integer = &H4
Const SHFS_HIDESIPBUTTON As Integer = &H8
Const SHFS_SHOWSTARTICON As Integer = &H10
Const SHFS_HIDESTARTICON As Integer = &H20

<DllImport("aygshell.dll")>  _
Shared Function SHFullScreen(ByVal hwndRequester As IntPtr, ByVal dwState As Integer) As Integer
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll")>  _
Public Shared Function GetCapture() As IntPtr
End Function

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

   Capture = True
   Dim hwnd As IntPtr = GetCapture()
   Capture = False

   SHFullScreen(hwnd, SHFS_HIDESTARTICON)

End Sub 'Form1_Load

7. 通用

7.1. 如何确定应用程序的主目录？

使用Reflection，应用程序可以确定自己是从哪个目录启动的，也可以使用IO.Path命名空间来修改它。

//C#
using System.Reflection;
using System.IO;

// This is the full directory and exe name
String fullAppName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase;

// This strips off the exe name
String fullAppPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullAppName);

// This adds a file name to the path
String splashImageName = Path.Combine(fullAppPath, "myfile.txt");

'VB
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection

' This is the full directory and exe name
Dim fullAppName As String = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase

' This strips off the exe name
Dim fullAppPath As String = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullAppName)

' This adds a file name to the path
Dim splashImageName As String = Path.Combine(fullAppPath, "myfile.txt")

• System.Environment.TickCount
  获得一个带符号的整型值，表示从机器启动到调用时经过的豪秒数。在.NET精简框架下，这个值的误差在0.5秒内，大多情况下会比0.5秒小。
• GetTickCount()
  属性Environment.TickCount就是调用GetTickCount函数的，所以没有必要再调用本地代码中的这个方法。
• Performance Monitor
  可以作为压力测试用途，但不是为最终使用的应用程序而设计的。如需更多信息，请查看本问答的 "7.5. 如何使用性能监视器？ " 章节
• Timers
  使用System.Threading.Timer类，可以在线程内设定计时器，用委托(delegate)指向应用程序 。
• Performance Counter
  如果OEM厂商支持的话，QueryPerformanceCounter函数能提供最高精度的计时功能。
  请查看本问答的"6.9. 如何使用性能计数器功能? "章节。
  

//C#
using System.Reflection;

Assembly asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
Bitmap bmpSprite = new Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream("AssemblyName.FileName"));

'VB
Imports System.Reflection

Dim asm As [Assembly] = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly()
Dim bmpSprite As New Bitmap(asm.GetManifestResourceStream("AssemblyName.FileName"))

1. 建立注册表键："HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\.NETCompactFramework\PerfMonitor"
2. 新建双字节项，值就是计数器的名字。
3. 把Counters的值设置为1表示允许计数器，设置为0表示禁止使用。

//C#
protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
{
  e.Cancel = true;
}

'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnClosing(ByVal e As CancelEventArgs)
  e.Cancel = True
End Sub 'OnClosing

• 一个主应用程序线程。
• 一个线程控制各种时间间隔，时间间隔是供系统和其他应用程序使用的。
• 一个线程跟踪活动的TCP/IP接口的变化(模拟Windows XP上的媒体动作，Windows CE上是没有这些操作的)。
• 一个执行终止对象的线程。当第一个被垃圾回收的对象回收时，就被建立了。

//C#
public class MyClass
{
  protected byte[] m_data = null;
  // uint uiDummy
  // short sDummy
  
  // This is a bit unsafe so you should throw an
  // exception or assert if the byte array length is
  // not 6. A safer but less memory efficient approach
  // would be to set m_data = new byte[6] and then copy
  //bytes to m_data.
  public MyClass(byte[] bytes) {m_data = bytes;}

  // Get/Set the uint
  public uint uiDummy
  {
    get {return BitConverter.ToUInt32(m_data, 0);}
    set
    {
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(value),0,m_data,0,BitConverter.GetBytes(value).Length);
    }
  }

  // Get/Set the short
  public short sDummy
  {
    get {return BitConverter.ToInt16(m_data, 4);}
    set
    {
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(value),0,m_data,4,BitConverter.GetBytes(value).Length);
    }
  }
}

byte[] fromFile = {1,1,1,1,2,2};
MyClass myClass = new MyClass(fromFile);

uint test1 = myClass.uiDummy; // 0x1010101
short test2 = myClass.sDummy; // 0x202

myClass.sDummy = 0x0505;      // Test setting the short
uint test4 = myClass.uiDummy; // 0x1010101
short test5 = myClass.sDummy; // 0x505

'VB
Public Class ByteClass
  Protected m_data As Byte() = Nothing

  ' uint uiDummy
  ' short sDummy
  ' This is a bit unsafe so you should throw an exception
  ' or assert if the byte array length is not 6. A safer
  ' but less memory efficient approach would be to set
  ' m_data = new byte[6] and then copy bytes to m_data.
  Public Sub New(ByVal bytes() As Byte)
    m_data = bytes
  End Sub 'New

  ' Get/Set the uint
  Public Property uiDummy() As UInt32
    Get
      Return BitConverter.ToUInt32(m_data, 0)
    End Get
    Set(ByVal Value As System.UInt32)
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Value),0,m_data,0,BitConverter.GetBytes(Value).Length)
    End Set
  End Property

  ' Get/Set the short
  Public Property sDummy() As Short
    Get
      Return BitConverter.ToInt16(m_data, 4)
    End Get
    Set(ByVal Value As Short)
      Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Value),0,m_data,4,BitConverter.GetBytes(Value).Length)
   End Set
  End Property
End Class 'ByteClass

Dim fromFile As Byte() = {1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2}
Dim testClass As New ByteClass(fromFile)

Dim test1 As System.UInt32 = testClass.uiDummy ' 0x1010101 
Dim test2 As Short = testClass.sDummy          ' 0x202
testClass.sDummy = &H505                       ' Test short
Dim test4 As System.UInt32 = testClass.uiDummy ' 0x1010101
Dim test5 As Short = testClass.sDummy          ' 0x505

//C#
public void HandleMe(object o, EventArgs e) {...}
form.Invoke(new EventHandler(form.HandleMe));

'VB
Public Sub HandleMe(o As Object, e As EventArgs)
End Sub 'HandleMe
form.Invoke(New EventHandler(AddressOf form.HandleMe))

//C#
public delegate void MyHandler();
public void HandleMeBadly() {...}
form.Invoke(new MyHandler(form.HandleMeBadly));

'VB
Delegate Sub MyHandler()
Public Sub HandleMeBadly()
End Sub 'HandleMeBadly
form.Invoke(New MyHandler(form.HandleMeBadly))

//C#
using System.Reflection;

String ver = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString();

'VB
Imports System.Reflection;

Dim ver As String = [Assembly].GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.ToString()

//C#
static void Main(string[] args)
{
  // Do your thing here
}

'VB
Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
  'Do your thing here
End Sub

//C#
System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo("filename");
// remove readonly attribute
fi.Attributes -= System.IO.FileAttributes.ReadOnly;
System.IO.File.Delete("filename");

'VB
Dim fi As New System.IO.FileInfo("filename")
'remove readonly attribute
fi.Attributes -= IO.FileAttributes.ReadOnly
System.IO.File.Delete("filename")

//C#
using System.Reflection;
using System.Drawing;

Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(200, 100);
int width = 0;

// Explicitly set one pixel for testing
int x = 199;
int y = 20;
Color pixColor = Color.Black;
bm.SetPixel(x,y,Color.Magenta);

// Get the "Width" property
PropertyInfo[] propInfo =
  bm.GetType().GetProperties(BindingFlags.GetProperty | 
  BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);

for (int i = 0; i < propInfo.Length; i++)
{
    if (propInfo[i].Name == "Width")
    {
        width = (int)propInfo[i].GetValue(bm, null);
        break;
    }
}

// Call the GetPixel method
MethodInfo[] methInfo = bm.GetType().GetMethods(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
for (int i = 0; i < methInfo.Length; i++)
{
    if (methInfo[i].Name == "GetPixel")
    {
        ParameterInfo[] paramInfo = methInfo[i].GetParameters();
        if (paramInfo.Length == 2)
    {

    object[] xy = new object[2];
    if (paramInfo[0].Name == "x")
    {
        xy[0] = x;
        xy[1] = y;
    }
    else
    {
        xy[1] = x;
        xy[0] = y;
    }

    pixColor = (Color)methInfo[i].Invoke(bm, xy);
    break;
}

'VB
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Drawing

Dim bm As New Bitmap(200, 100)
Dim width As Integer = 0

' Explicitly set one pixel for testing
Dim x As Integer = 199
Dim y As Integer = 20
Dim pixColor As Color = Color.Black
bm.SetPixel(x, y, Color.Magenta)

' Get the "Width" property
Dim propInfo As PropertyInfo() = _
  bm.GetType().GetProperties((BindingFlags.GetProperty Or _
  BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Instance))

Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To propInfo.Length - 1
    If propInfo(i).Name = "Width" Then
        width = Fix(propInfo(i).GetValue(bm, Nothing))
        Exit For
    End If
Next i

' Call the SetPixel method
Dim methInfo As MethodInfo() = bm.GetType().GetMethods((BindingFlags.Public _
  Or BindingFlags.Instance))
For i = 0 To methInfo.Length - 1
    If methInfo(i).Name = "GetPixel" Then
        Dim paramInfo As ParameterInfo() = methInfo(i).GetParameters()
        If paramInfo.Length = 2 Then
            Dim xy(1) As Object

            If paramInfo(0).Name = "x" Then
                xy(0) = x
                xy(1) = y
            Else
                xy(1) = x
                xy(0) = y
            End If

            pixColor = CType(methInfo(i).Invoke(bm, xy), Color)
            Exit For
        End If
    End If
Next i

//C#
String devName = System.Net.Dns.GetHostName();

'VB
Dim devName As String = System.Net.Dns.GetHostName()

set CFPath=%SystemDrive%\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\
  CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows CE
csc Form1.cs /noconfig /nostdlib /lib:"%CFPath%"  /r:"%CFPath%\system.dll";"%CFPath%\
  system.drawing.dll";"%CFPath%\system.windows.forms.dll";"%CFPath%\mscorlib.dll"

//C#
string AppName = "MyApp";

Form1 form1 = new Form1();
this.Text = "";
form1.Text = AppName;
form1.ShowDialog();
this.Text = AppName;

'VB
Dim AppName As String = "MyApp"

Dim form1 As New Form1()
Me.Text = ""
form1.Text = AppName
form1.ShowDialog()
Me.Text = AppName

//C#
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    ComboBox c = (ComboBox)this.ControlFromName("combobox1");
    c.Items.Add("1");
    this.GetControls();
}

private Control ControlFromName(string name)
{
    object o = this.GetType().GetField(name,
      System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance |
      System.Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase).GetValue(this);

    return((Control)o);
}

private void GetControls()
{
    System.Reflection.FieldInfo[] fis = this.GetType().GetFields
    (
        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | 
        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance |
        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
    );

    foreach(System.Reflection.FieldInfo fi in fis)
    {
        if (fi.GetValue(this) is Control)
            MessageBox.Show(fi.Name);
    }
}
'VB
Private Function ControlFromName(ByVal name As String) As Control
    Dim o As ObjectDim o As Object
    o = Me.GetType().GetField(name, Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase).GetValue(Me)
   
    Return (CType(o, Control))
End Function

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    Dim c As ComboBox
    c = CType(ControlFromName("_combobox1"), ComboBox)
    c.Items.Add("1")
    Me.GetControls()e.GetControls()
End Sub

Private Sub GetControls()
    Dim fis As System.Reflection.FieldInfo()

    fis = Me.GetType().GetFields(Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance Or _
      Reflection.BindingFlags.IgnoreCase)

    For Each fi As Reflection.FieldInfo In fis
        If TypeOf (fi.GetValue(Me)) Is Control Then
            MessageBox.Show(fi.Name)
        End Ifnd If
    Next
End Sub

//C#
protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e)
{
    switch (e.KeyCode)
    {
        case Keys.Up:
            MessageBox.Show("Up Key Pressed");
            break;
        case Keys.Down:
            MessageBox.Show("Down Key Pressed");
            break;
        case Keys.Left:
            MessageBox.Show("Left Key Pressed");
            break;
        case Keys.Right:
            MessageBox.Show("Right Key Pressed");
            break;
    }
    base.OnKeyDown (e);
}
'VB
Protected Overrides Sub OnKeyDown(e As KeyEventArgs)
    Select Case e.KeyCode
        Case Keys.Up
            MessageBox.Show("Up Key Pressed")
        Case Keys.Down
            MessageBox.Show("Down Key Pressed")
        Case Keys.Left
            MessageBox.Show("Left Key Pressed")
        Case Keys.Right
            MessageBox.Show("Right Key Pressed")
    End Select
     
    MyBase.OnKeyDown(e)

End Sub 'OnKeyDown

//C#
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;

public interface IModelessDialogCallback
{
    void DialogResultCallback(DialogResult result);
}

public class Test : System.Windows.Forms.Form, IModelessDialogCallback
{
    ModelessDialog dlg;
    Button bShow;
    int counter = 0;

    protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Text = "Modal(less) Dialog Example";

        this.bShow = new Button();
        this.bShow.Parent = this;
        this.bShow.Bounds = new Rectangle (10, 10, 150, 30);
        this.bShow.Text = "Show Dialog";
        this.bShow.Click += new EventHandler(this._Click);

        this.dlg = new ModelessDialog(this);
    }


    private void _Click(object o, EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Enabled = false;
        this.bShow.Text = "waiting for dlg";
        dlg.Show();
    }

    public void DialogResultCallback(DialogResult result)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("dialog returned: " + (result == DialogResult.OK ? "OK" : "Cancel"));
        this.Enabled = true;
        this.bShow.Text = "Show Dialog:" + ++counter;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Test());
    }
}

public class ModelessDialog : Form
{
    IModelessDialogCallback parent;
    Button bOK, bCancel;

    public ModelessDialog(IModelessDialogCallback parent)
    {
        this.parent = parent;
        this.Text = "Modeless Dialog";

        this.bOK = new Button();
        this.bOK.Parent = this;
        this.bOK.Bounds = new Rectangle (10, 10, 150, 30);
        this.bOK.Text = "OK";
        this.bOK.Click += new EventHandler(this._Click);

        this.bCancel = new Button();
        this.bCancel.Parent = this;
        this.bCancel.Bounds = new Rectangle (10, 50, 150, 30);
        this.bCancel.Text = "Cancel";
        this.bCancel.Click += new EventHandler(this._Click);
    }

    private void _Click(object o, EventArgs e)
    {
        this.Hide();
        this.parent.DialogResultCallback(o == this.bOK ? DialogResult.OK : DialogResult.Cancel);
    }

    protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
    {
        e.Cancel = true;
        this.Hide();
        this.parent.DialogResultCallback(DialogResult.Cancel);
    }
}

'VB
Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.ComponentModel

Public Interface IModelessDialogCallback
   Sub DialogResultCallback(result As DialogResult)
End Interface IModelessDialogCallback'


Public Class Test
   Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form
   Implements IModelessDialogCallback
   Private dlg As ModelessDialog
   Private bShow As Button
   Private counter As Integer = 0
   
   Protected Overrides Sub OnLoad(e As EventArgs)
      Me.Text = "Modal(less) Dialog Example"
      
      Me.bShow = New Button()
      Me.bShow.Parent = Me
      Me.bShow.Bounds = New Rectangle(10, 10, 150, 30)
      Me.bShow.Text = "Show Dialog"
      AddHandler Me.bShow.Click, AddressOf Me._Click
      
      Me.dlg = New ModelessDialog(Me)
   End Sub 'OnLoad
   
   Private Sub _Click(o As Object, e As EventArgs)
      Me.Enabled = False
      Me.bShow.Text = "waiting for dlg"
      dlg.Show()
   End Sub '_Click
   
   Public Sub DialogResultCallback(ByVal result As DialogResult) Implements _
     IModelessDialogCallback.DialogResultCallback
      MessageBox.Show(("dialog returned: " + IIf(result = DialogResult.OK, "OK", "Cancel")))
      Me.Enabled = True
      counter += 1
      Me.bShow.Text = String.Format("Show Dialog: {0}", counter)
   End Sub 'DialogResultCallback

   Public Shared Sub Main()
      Application.Run(New Test)
   End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Test

Public Class ModelessDialog
   Inherits Form
   Private myParent As IModelessDialogCallback
   Private bOK, bCancel As Button
   
   Public Sub New(parent As IModelessDialogCallback)
      Me.myParent = parent
      Me.Text = "Modeless Dialog"
      
      Me.bOK = New Button()
      Me.bOK.Parent = Me
      Me.bOK.Bounds = New Rectangle(10, 10, 150, 30)
      Me.bOK.Text = "OK"
      AddHandler Me.bOK.Click, AddressOf Me._Click
      
      Me.bCancel = New Button()
      Me.bCancel.Parent = Me
      Me.bCancel.Bounds = New Rectangle(10, 50, 150, 30)
      Me.bCancel.Text = "Cancel"
      AddHandler Me.bCancel.Click, AddressOf Me._Click
   End Sub 'New
   
   Private Sub _Click(o As Object, e As EventArgs)
      Me.Hide()
      Me.myParent.DialogResultCallback(IIf(o Is Me.bOK, DialogResult.OK, DialogResult.Cancel))
   End Sub '_Click
   
   Protected Overrides Sub OnClosing(e As CancelEventArgs)
      e.Cancel = True
      Me.Hide()
      Me.myParent.DialogResultCallback(DialogResult.Cancel)
   End Sub 'OnClosing
End Class 'ModelessDialog

• Convert.ToInt32
• Cast or Fix (C# or VB)

//C#
float temp = 3.6f;
int rounded1 = (int)(temp + .5f);
int rounded2 = Convert.ToInt32(temp);

'VB
Dim temp As Single = 3.6F
Dim rounded1 As Integer = Fix(temp + .5F)
Dim rounded2 As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(temp)

//C#
using System.Reflection;
using System.Globalization;

Assembly asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
CultureInfo ci = asm.GetName().CultureInfo;

'VB
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Globalization

Dim asm As Assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()
Dim ci As CultureInfo = asm.GetName().CultureInfo

8.通讯和Web服务

8.1. 如何通过TCP Socket向桌面机发送数据？

请查看本问答的"10.5. 写一个捕捉Pocket PC签名的程序. " 部分。

8.2. 为什么不能访问本机上的Web服务？

不要在设备上使用localhost来引用Web服务，因为对于设备来说localhost就是运行应用程序所在的设备，就是设备它本身。您应该使用机器名或IP地址来引用Web服务。

8.3. 如何在微软.net精简框架上调用Web服务

这篇文章向您演示了如何从智能设备上，通过.net精简框架同步和异步调用Web服务：

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfwebservices.asp

8.4. 如何通过代理服务器提交HTTP GET申请？

通过或不通过特定的代理服务器提交HTTP GET请求。
使用StreamReader读取返回的HTML，并转成字符数组。然后把返回的值显示在ListBox中，如以下的屏幕截图所示：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/httpgetwithproxy.aspx

8.5. 如何使用Web服务？

这篇快速入门教程，描述了如何使用提供了简单数学计算的Web服务(这个数学计算的Web服务在.net框架的快速入门中有说明，标题是"Write a Simple Web service,")。这个快速入门教程提供了一个Web服务的客户端应用：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/xmlwebservice.aspx

8.6. 如何使用MapPoint3.0得到地图？

这篇快速入门描述了如何使用MapPoint的Web服务，编程实现在PocketPC上获得特定位置的程序，如以下屏幕截图所示：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/mappointfindmap.aspx

8.7. 如何使用MapPoint3.0获得地图和方向？

这篇快速入门教程描述了如何使用MapPoint的Web服务，在PocketPC上获得特定位置的地图方向，如以下屏幕截图所示：
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/mappointdirections.aspx

8.8. Is NTLM authentication supported by the .NET Compact Framework?

Using Digest authentication instead of Basic or NTLM authentication is the recommended solution. Digest authentication is supported by the .NET Compact Framework.

8.9. When using blocking Sockets, why does Send throw an InvalidOperationException when blocking is set to false?

There is a known issue with setting Blocking to false on a blocking socket. There are three paradigms when programming with sockets (both managed and native) and it is strongly recommended that developers use asynchronous I/O functions as a solution to this problem. Select is very inefficient in managed code, and the cost of the regular case exception is also high. The three paradigms are detailed below, with the last being the preferred method.

• Use blocking calls on blocking sockets (i.e. send(), recv(), etc). This is the simplest method, and probably the most commonly used. The functions perform their operation synchronously, tying up the currently executing thread. This is most acceptable for clients, and multithreaded servers (Microsoft does not recommend using one thread per client because threads are very expensive on Windows). Note that though the operations may block for an unspecified period of time (i.e. until the operation can be completed), they will most often complete immediately.
• Use non-blocking sockets in conjunction with select or poll. Use the same "blocking" functions, but put the socket in a special mode that prohibits it from blocking. In the cases when the function would block, it returns an error code (in managed code, this throws an exception). You can then use poll or select to wait until a point in time at which an operation would complete (select allows you to manage more than one socket, so you can handle multiple clients on only one thread), and then perform the operation. At the time these calls were created, there were no threads in operating systems, so this was the only way to do things. Using this mechanism has by far the absolute worst performance you could possibly get from socket programming. This problem is exacerbated in managed code, since you now expect an exception to be thrown, which is an even bigger performance hit.
• Use asynchronous I/O functions on the socket. This is your best all around solution. It allows you to perform operations asynchronously, and you get notified by callbacks. In general, the performance is better than using non-blocking I/O with select, and this is the recommendation for how to do things (at least, in native code).

8.10. How do I create an http-server?

Get technical insight on the implementation of Mobile Web Server architecture. Understand use cases, the web server framework and future developments in the architecture:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/NETCFMA.asp

8.11. Why do I get an exception when calling SetSocketOption with ReuseAddress set?

This is a known issue in the version 1 of the .NET Compact Framework. To work around the issue, you can P/Invoke setsockopt with SO_REUSEADDR set to true.

8.12. Why do I get a socket error using SSL to communicate with a server via the WebRequest namespace?

There is a known issue in the .NET Compact Framework. You can work around this by setting HttpWebRequest.AllowStreamWriteBuffering to True and commenting out your setting of the ContentLength.

 

9. SQL CE 和 数据

9.1. 使用.net精简框架、SQL Server CE 和 复制 开发应用程序时，要注意些什么？

这篇文章详细讨论了这个问题：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/03/09/datapoints/toc.asp

9.2. 如何在微软.net精简框架上使用合并复制(Merge Replication)？

这篇文章讨论了如何通过程序在.net精简框架的应用程序中调用合并、复制：
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfmergereplication.asp

SQL Server CE是非常好的在设备上管理数据的工具，但在未复制到桌面机的SQL Server之前，它必须保留数据。使用合并、复制在设备上管理数据，然后当设备连接到桌面机时，再合并到桌面机的SQL Server的实例中。.net精简框架提供SqlCeReplication对象，可以通过程序实现数据的合并与复制。
http://samples.gotdotnet.com/quickstart/CompactFramework/doc/sqlcemergereplication.aspx

9.3. 如何将ADO.NET数据和ＸＭＬ绑定？

以下三个步骤：

1. 根据提供的XML文件，建立一个XML Schema文件(.xsd)。
2. 读取XML数据和它的schema，以便操作。
3. 将XML保存会文件。

• 建立一个SQL CE数据库。
• 连接到SQL CE数据库。
• 在SQL CE的数据库中建立一个表。
• 插入一行数据到SQL CE数据库中。

• 设计一个用户可以设置查询值的界面。
• 连接到SQL CE的数据库。
• 把用户输入的值插入到SQL CE的数据库中

rda = new SqlCeRemoteDataAccess();

SqlCeEngine eng = new SqlCeEngine();

10. 其他信息

10.1. Pocket TaskVision 程序

This document provides an overview of the development tasks that were unique to the Pocket TaskVision sample application. Pocket PC devices have much lower storage capacities, memory and lower-end processors than desktop systems—storage and performance considerations are mentioned throughout the document.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/wnf_pkttaskvision.asp

10.2. 建立基于微软.net精简框架的进程管理器

In this article, learn how to marshal structures as byte arrays.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/ProcessManager.asp

10.3. 使用微软.net精简框架开发移动游戏

Learn how to create .NET Compact Framework-based games. Learn the key requirements for writing games targeting small devices and see that the .NET Compact Framework can handle them with ease. Include advanced performance-tuning techniques that you can use to push the limits of your game.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfgaming.asp

10.4. 制作一个微软.net精简框架的DateTimePicker控件

Learn how to use a managed DateTimePicker class in your Pocket PC projects. The .net精简框架 provides managed classes for most controls but the DateTimePicker class is not supported. Wrapper classes that P/Invoke the native control can be found on the Web, but this sample provides a purely managed DateTimePicker class that you can use in your Pocket PC projects. The class and sample application are provided in C# and Visual Basic .NET.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/netcfdatetimepicker.asp

10.5. 写一个捕捉Pocket PC签名的程序.

This article discusses the Pocket PC Signature sample application. The sample includes a client that runs on the Pocket PC that sends signature data over TCP sockets to a server that is running on the desktop. Data is encrypted and decrypted using the cryptography services.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnnetcomp/html/PPCSignatureApp.asp

10.6. 有没有非微软的网站提供在.net精简框架上开发应用的信息？

See the "Related Sites" section of the MSDN Mobile and Embedded Developer Center:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/Community/related/default.aspx

11. 连通性

11.1. 为什么不同通过ActiveSync把程序部署到Windows CE的设备上？

Symptom: When a Windows CE device is connected through ActiveSync, deployment and debugging (F5 and Ctrl-F5) fail with the typical error message "There were deployment errors. Continue?"

Cause: Due to the fact that ActiveSync 3.5 and 3.6 do not provide accurate information about the device instruction set, ConMan (Visual Studio .NET 2003 component for device connectivity) cannot use the information returned by ActiveSync to map a Windows CE device to the right .NET Compact Framework target (MIPSII, ARMV4 etc).

Workaround: Install and run the separately provided Windows CE Configuration Add-In. For ARMV4 devices, an alternative is to select Pocket PC Device at the beginning of the deployment.

11.2. 为什么不能通过ActiveSync调试 CEPC 或其他 x86 的Windows CE设备？

Symptom: After running the Windows CE Device Configuration Add-In, the user can deploy without debugging (Ctrl-F5) to an ActiveSync connected CEPC (or any x86 based Windows CE device) but cannot debug (F5). Non-x86 based Windows CE devices do not have this problem.

Cause: Debugging Windows CE Emulators (also x86 based) uses a TCP port that conflicts with the one used by ActiveSync for debugging x86 based devices. To support Emulator debugging, it is necessary to disable debugging for CEPC and other x86 devices by default.

Workaround: The following workaround will allow debugging of x86 devices but disable debugging with the Windows CE Emulator. The workaround requires the files WinCEx86Device.reg, and ProxyPorts.reg which can be found in the SDK utilities directory: "<VSROOT>\CompactFrameworkSDK\WinCE Utilities\WinCE Proxy Ports Reg".

If you do not have these files they can be downloaded from the following link:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=7ec99ca6-2095-4086-b0cc-7c6c39b28762&DisplayLang=en#filelist

• Import WinCEx86Device.reg to the registry. Now you will be able to debug x86 devices, but debugging with the Windows CE Emulator will fail.
• To restore Emulator debugging, remove the registry key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows CE Services\ProxyPorts" and then import ProxyPorts.reg.

1. Open Control Panel, choose Add Hardware, and then choose Next.
2. Choose Yes, I have already connected the hardware, and then choose Next.
3. From the Installed hardware list, select Add a new hardware device, and then choose Next.
4. Choose Install the hardware that I manually select from a list (Advanced), and then choose Next.
5. From the Common hardware types list, select Network adapters, and then choose Next.
6. From the Manufacturer list, select Microsoft.
7. From the Network Adapter list, select Microsoft Loopback Adapter, and then choose Next.
8. Choose Next, and then choose Finish.

1. Open Control Panel, choose Add/Remove Hardware, and then choose Next.
2. Choose Add/Troubleshoot a device, and then choose Next.
3. From the Devices list, select Add a new device, and then choose Next.
4. Choose No, I want to select the hardware from a list, and then choose Next.
5. From the Hardware types list, select Network adapters, and then choose Next.
6. From the Manufacturers list, select Microsoft.
7. From the Network Adapter list, select Microsoft Loopback Adapter, and then choose Next.
8. Choose Next, and then choose Finish.

1. Choose the correct flavor of Keyman.exe (e.g. ARMV4 or SH4, etc) and place it on the device. Launch Keyman and select "FILE->CONNECT". Keyman is now waiting for the VS machine to connect to it via TCP/IP. After the VS machine has connected, and then disconnected, Keyman on the device will automatically exit.
2. On the VS machine, copy CryptoAPIWrapper.dll from <VSROOT>\ CompactFrameworkSDK\ConnectionManager\bin to the directory of KeymanDesktop.exe. Launch KeymanDesktop.exe.
3. Click "Save" to save your settings in the current directory where KeymanDesktop.exe is running. The saved defaults will be loaded next time the exe is launched.
4. Enter the IP Address of the device
5. Use the recommended value for the Device Port.
6. Enter the path of the "Target" directory where the ConmanClient bits such as ConManClient.exe reside. The typical value is \ CompactFrameworkSDK\ConnectionManager\Target.
7. Use the Connect button to connect.
8. Click on "prep device" after you have connected. On success, you will see a dialog telling you everything went OK.
9. Use the Disconnect button to disconnect. When you disconnect, the device side bits will automatically exit.
10. Launch ConManClient.exe on the device. First you must select the flavor of the target device. Also, you must select the location of your "Target" directory in Visual Studio.

1. In Visual Studio, on the Tools menu, click "Select Windows CE Device CPU". Note: this menu item is installed by the Windows CE Utilities for Visual Studio .NET 2003 Add-on Pack
2. Change the device architecture to ARMV4T
3. Click Configure, then click Close. Restart Visual Studio if prompted

12. Smartphone

12.1. Where can I get the latest Smartphone SDK?

Download the Windows Mobile 2003 Smartphone SDK here:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=a6c4f799-ec5c-427c-807c-4c0f96765a81&displaylang=en

12.2. What are the rules for smartphone menus?

Smartphone menus have several rules, such as:

• the first menu item (corresponding to the left soft button) cannot have any sub items
• the second menu item (corresponding to the right soft button) can have sub items
• any other top level menu items are not used

'VB
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Public Const EM_SETINPUTMODE As Integer = &HDE
Public Const EIM_SPELL As Integer = 0
Public Const EIM_AMBIG As Integer = 1
Public Const EIM_NUMBERS As Integer = 2

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function GetFocus() As IntPtr
End Function

<DllImport("coredll.dll")> _
Public Shared Function SendMessage(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, _
  ByVal Message As Integer, ByVal wParam As Integer, _
  ByVal lParam As Integer) As Integer
End Function

'Sample use setting TextBox to number input
Private Sub txtAmount_GotFocus(ByVal sender As Object, _
  ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtAmount.GotFocus
  
    Dim hWnd As IntPtr
    hWnd = Me.GetFocus()
    SendMessage(hWnd, EM_SETINPUTMODE, 0, EIM_NUMBERS)
    txtAmount.SelectionStart = txtAmount.Text.Length

End Sub

//C#
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

public const uint EM_SETINPUTMODE = 0xDE;
public const uint EIM_SPELL = 0;
public const uint EIM_AMBIG = 1;
public const uint EIM_NUMBERS = 2;

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetFocus();

[DllImport("coredll.dll")]
public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd,
  uint Message, uint wParam, uint lParam);

// Sample use setting TextBox to number input
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    txtAmount.GotFocus +=
      new System.EventHandler(txtAmount_GotFocus);
}

private void txtAmount_GotFocus(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    IntPtr hWnd;
    hWnd = GetFocus();
    SendMessage(hWnd, EM_SETINPUTMODE, 0, EIM_NUMBERS);
    txtAmount.SelectionStart = txtAmount.Text.Length;
}