Socket(套接字)是一种独立于协议的网络编程接口,在OSI模型中,主要集中于会话层和传输层。Socket 实际上代表的是两个实体之间进行通信的有效端点。通过socket可以获得源IP地址和源端口、终点IP地址和终点端口。用户可以将多个socket连入同一个端口,以便对于单个端口可以有多个连接。通过socket客户/服务器编程可以创建一个能被许多人使用的分布式程序,并且所有客户均可以用统一的前端进行工作,并与服务器进行通信。这与老式或新式电话机之间的通话过程是十分相似的。
如果应用程序在执行期间只需要一个线程,请使用下面的方法,这些方法适用于同步操作模式。
开发一个简单的同步网络聊天程序程序分为服务器和客户端。连接成功后,服务器和客户端之间可以进行对话。源码中对每一个涉及到的对初学者较难理解的类\方法\属性都有详细的注释。以下是服务器端代码。
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using System.Text;
namespace 聊天_socket
{
/// <summary>
/// Form1 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.StatusBar statusBar1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4;
private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox rtbReceive;
private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox rtbSend;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtServer;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtPort;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnListen;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnSend;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnStop;
private IPAddress hostIPAddress=IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
private IPEndPoint Server;
private Socket listeningSocket;
private Socket mySocket;
string port;
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public Form1()
{
//
// Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
//
}
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
/// 此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.rtbReceive = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
this.rtbSend = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
this.txtServer = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.txtPort = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.statusBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.StatusBar();
this.btnListen = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.btnSend = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.btnStop = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// rtbReceive
//
this.rtbReceive.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(80, 56);
this.rtbReceive.Name = "rtbReceive";
this.rtbReceive.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(264, 96);
this.rtbReceive.TabIndex = 0;
this.rtbReceive.Text = "";
//
// rtbSend
//
this.rtbSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(80, 152);
this.rtbSend.Name = "rtbSend";
this.rtbSend.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(264, 96);
this.rtbSend.TabIndex = 1;
this.rtbSend.Text = "";
//
// txtServer
//
this.txtServer.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(72, 16);
this.txtServer.Name = "txtServer";
this.txtServer.TabIndex = 2;
this.txtServer.Text = "127.0.0.1";
//
// txtPort
//
this.txtPort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(288, 16);
this.txtPort.Name = "txtPort";
this.txtPort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 21);
this.txtPort.TabIndex = 3;
this.txtPort.Text = "19811";
//
// statusBar1
//
this.statusBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 287);
this.statusBar1.Name = "statusBar1";
this.statusBar1.ShowPanels = true;
this.statusBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 22);
this.statusBar1.TabIndex = 4;
this.statusBar1.Text = "statusBar1";
//
// btnListen
//
this.btnListen.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 256);
this.btnListen.Name = "btnListen";
this.btnListen.TabIndex = 5;
this.btnListen.Text = "开始监听";
this.btnListen.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnListen_Click);
//
// btnSend
//
this.btnSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(144, 256);
this.btnSend.Name = "btnSend";
this.btnSend.TabIndex = 6;
this.btnSend.Text = "发送信息";
this.btnSend.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnSend_Click);
//
// btnStop
//
this.btnStop.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 256);
this.btnStop.Name = "btnStop";
this.btnStop.TabIndex = 7;
this.btnStop.Text = "停止监听";
this.btnStop.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnStop_Click);
//
// label1
//
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 23);
this.label1.TabIndex = 8;
this.label1.Text = "服务器:";
//
// label2
//
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 16);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 23);
this.label2.TabIndex = 9;
this.label2.Text = "监听端口:";
//
// label3
//
this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 64);
this.label3.Name = "label3";
this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 23);
this.label3.TabIndex = 10;
this.label3.Text = "接收信息:";
//
// label4
//
this.label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 152);
this.label4.Name = "label4";
this.label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 23);
this.label4.TabIndex = 11;
this.label4.Text = "发送信息:";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 309);
this.Controls.Add(this.label4);
this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnStop);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnSend);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnListen);
this.Controls.Add(this.statusBar1);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtPort);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtServer);
this.Controls.Add(this.rtbSend);
this.Controls.Add(this.rtbReceive);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "聊天程序-服务器";
this.TopMost = true;
this.Closing += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(this.Form1_Closing);
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 应用程序的主入口点。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
private void btnListen_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
try
{
hostIPAddress=IPAddress.Parse(txtServer.Text);
port=txtPort.Text;
}
catch{MessageBox.Show("请输入正确的IP地址格式");}
try
{ //通过组合服务的主机 IP 地址和端口号,IPEndPoint 类形成到服务的连接点。
Server=new IPEndPoint(hostIPAddress,Int32.Parse(port));
// Create a socket object to establish a connection with the server
listeningSocket=new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
listeningSocket.Bind(Server); //绑定该主机端口
listeningSocket.Listen(50); //监听端口,等待客户端连接请求。50是队列中最多可容纳的等待接受的传入连接数
statusBar1.Text="主机"+txtServer.Text+"端口"+txtPort.Text+"开始监听.....";
//Accept 以同步方式从侦听套接字的连接请求队列中提取第一个挂起的连接请求,然后创建并返回新的 Socket。
mySocket=listeningSocket.Accept();
//一个进程可以创建一个或多个线程以执行与该进程关联的部分程序代码。使用 ThreadStart 委托指定由线程执行的程序代码。
Thread thread=new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
thread.Start();
}
catch(Exception ee){statusBar1.Text=ee.Message;}
}
private void ThreadProc()
{
if(mySocket.Connected)
{
statusBar1.Text="与客户建立连接.";
while(true)
{
Byte[] ByteRecv=new Byte[256];
mySocket.Receive(ByteRecv,ByteRecv.Length,0);
string strRecv=Encoding.BigEndianUnicode.GetString(ByteRecv);
rtbReceive.AppendText(strRecv+"\r\n");
}
}
}
private void btnStop_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
try
{
listeningSocket.Close();
statusBar1.Text="主机"+txtServer.Text+"端口"+txtPort.Text+"监听停止";
}
catch{MessageBox.Show("监听尚未开始,关闭无效");}
}
private void btnSend_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string strSend ="Server--->"+rtbSend.Text+"\r\n";
Byte[] ByteSend = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode.GetBytes(strSend);
mySocket.Send(ByteSend,ByteSend.Length,0);
}
catch{MessageBox.Show("连接尚未建立,无法发送.");}
}
private void Form1_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
{
try
{
listeningSocket.Close();//在窗口关闭之前关闭Scoket连接并释放所有关联的资源。
}
catch{}
}
}
}
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