开发组件的过程,其实就是从某一对象派生出一个新的对象,并且为该对象声明新的属性、方法和事件。下面我将通过制作一个标题栏按钮来讲述如何制作组件。
标题栏按钮组件TTitleBarButton以TComponent为直接继承对象,它是一个可以在窗体标题栏上显示按钮的组件,像最大化、最小化和关闭按钮等。最新的Winamp MP3播放器,它有一个插件可以在任何窗体上显示一排播放按钮,我想通过下面的技术也可以实现。
1、首性确定组件的属性。属性是组件的重要组成部分,它相当于组件的门面,因为一旦一个组件被置于窗体中时,用户必然想到去设置组件的各种属性,编写各种事件的处理过程。TTitleBarButton有以下属性:
Color:用来决定按钮表面的颜色。
Glyph:用来决定按钮表面的图片。
PopupMenu:用来决定右键单击按钮时的弹出菜单。
RightMargin:用来确定按钮的位置,以窗体右边界为基准。
Visible:用来决定按钮是否可见。
2、确定组件的方法。方法是组件的基本构成部分之一,在编写方法时,尽量减少方法间的依赖关系,并确定方法的可见度,以及是否为虚函数等。在本例中,主要方法如下:
function GetBoundsRect: TRect; 用来确定按钮的边界矩形,可见度为private
procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage); 窗体的新的窗口过程,private
procedure Paint; virtual; 该类的继承者可以override该方法,但用户不能直接调该方法
procedure Repaint; 是Paint方法的对外接口,用户可以调用此方法,以强制重新画按钮
3、确定组件的事件。事件实际上是一种特殊的属性,它也是组件的很重要组成部分,事件为组件响应系统发生的行为而执行的一段代码连接。事件就是方法指针,是方法的触发器。TtitleBarButton只有一个事件:
OnClick事件,用来响应用户的Click事件代码。
另外,要减少组件的依赖关系。使一个组件在执行其代码时所受的约束尽可能地少,这是开发组件的一个主要目标,它也是衡量一个组件性能好坏的重要标准之一。
实现标题栏按钮需要解决以下主要问题:
1、 如何确定按钮的边界,即Left,Top,Width,Height
通过GetWindowRect来取得窗体的边界矩形,通过GetSystemMetrics取得窗体的框架宽度和标题栏按钮的高度、宽度。再加上RightMargin属性就可以基本上确定按钮的边界了。
2、 如何画按钮的外观(包括按下和凸起)
通过GetWindowDC来取得窗体DC(包括标题栏、菜单、滚动条等),我们就可以在这个DC上画按钮了。
3、 如何让按钮响应消息(比如Click,单击右键弹出菜单等)
我们可以通过GetWindowLong取得窗体的窗口过程,然后把我们新定义的窗口过程通过SetWindowLong给这个窗体,然后我们在自己的窗口过程中来让按钮响应消息。
全部代码如下:
unit TitleBarButton;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Menus, Dialogs;
type
TTitleBarButton = class(TComponent)
private
FColor: TColor;
FGlyph: TBitmap;
FForm: TCustomForm;
FOldWndProc: Pointer;
FButtonDown: Boolean;
FVisible: Boolean;
FRightMargin: Cardinal;
FPopup: TPopupMenu;
FOnClick: TNotifyEvent;
procedure SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap);
procedure SetVisible(const Value: Boolean);
procedure SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal);
function GetBoundsRect: TRect;
procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage);
protected
procedure Notification(Component: TComponent;Operation: TOperation); override;
procedure Paint; virtual;
public
constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;
destructor Destroy; override;
procedure Repaint;
property BoundsRect: TRect read GetBoundsRect;
published
property Color: TColor read FColor write FColor default clBtnFace;
property Glyph: TBitmap read FGlyph write SetGlyph;
property PopupMenu: TPopupMenu read FPopup write FPopup;
property RightMargin: Cardinal read FRightMargin write SetRightMargin default 66;
property Visible: Boolean read FVisible write SetVisible default False;
property OnClick: TNotifyEvent read FOnClick write FOnClick;
end;
procedure Register;
implementation
procedure Register;
begin
RegisterComponents('Liao', [TTitleBarButton]);
end;
{ TTitleBarButton }
constructor TTitleBarButton.Create(AOwner: TComponent);
var
ptr: Pointer;
begin
inherited;
FForm := GetParentForm(TControl(AOwner));
FGlyph := TBitmap.Create;
FColor := clBtnFace;
FVisible := False;
FRightMargin := 66;
FButtonDown := False;
FOldWndProc := Pointer(GetWindowLong(FForm.Handle,GWL_WNDPROC));
ptr := MakeObjectInstance(NewWndProc);
SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, Longint(ptr));
end;
destructor TTitleBarButton.Destroy;
begin
if not (csDestroying in FForm.ComponentState) then
begin
SetVisible(false);
SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, LongInt(FOldWndProc));
end;
FGlyph.Free;
inherited;
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.NewWndProc(var message: TMessage);
function HitButton(APoint: TPoint): Boolean;
begin
APoint.x := APoint.x - FForm.Left;
APoint.y := APoint.y - FForm.Top;
Result := PtInRect(BoundsRect,APoint);
end;
var
p: TPoint;
begin
with message do
begin
if Visible then
begin
case Msg of
WM_NCPAINT , WM_NCACTIVATE :
begin
Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
RePaint;
end;
WM_NCHITTEST :
begin
Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
if Result = HTCAPTION then
begin
RePaint;
p.x := LoWord(LParam);
ScreenToClient(FForm.Handle,p);
with BoundsRect do //减去框架宽度
if (p.x >= Left-4) and (p.x <= Right-4) then Result := 888;
end;
end;
WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK:
begin
Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
with TWMNCLButtonDown(message) do
if not HitButton(Point(XCursor, YCursor)) then Exit;
if WParam = 888 then
begin
FButtonDown := True;
Repaint;
SetCapture(FForm.Handle);
end;
end;
WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK:
begin
if WParam = 888 then
begin
if Assigned(FPopup) then
begin
p.x := FForm.Left + BoundsRect.Left;
p.y := FForm.Top + BoundsRect.Bottom;
FPopup.Popup(p.x,p.y);
end;
end
else
Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
end;
WM_NCLBUTTONUP,WM_LBUTTONUP :
begin
if FButtonDown then
begin
FButtonDown := False;
RePaint;
ReleaseCapture;
if Assigned(FOnClick) then FOnClick(self);
end
else
Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
end;
else
Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
end;
end
else
Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);
end;
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap);
begin
FGlyph.Assign(Value);
SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0);
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal);
begin
FRightMargin := Value;
SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0);
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.SetVisible(const Value: Boolean);
begin
FVisible := Value;
SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0);
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.Notification(Component: TComponent;
Operation: TOperation);
begin
inherited;
if (Operation = opRemove) and (Component = FPopup) then
FPopup := nil;
end;
function TTitleBarButton.GetBoundsRect: TRect;
var
Rec: TRect;
FrameThick: Integer; //窗体框架厚度
BtnWidth,BtnHeight: Integer; //标题栏按钮的宽度和高度
begin
GetWindowRect(FForm.Handle,Rec); //得到窗体边界矩形,相对于屏幕左上角
with Result do
begin
FrameThick := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFRAME);
Left := (Rec.Right - Rec.Left) - RightMargin - FrameThick;
Top := FrameThick;
if FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin, bsSizeable] then
begin
Dec(Left, 2); Inc(Top, 2);
end
else begin
Dec(Left); Inc(Top);
end;
if (FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin,bsToolWindow]) then
begin
BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMSIZE) - 2;
BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSMSIZE) - 4;
end
else begin
BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSIZE) - 2;
BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSIZE) - 4;
end;
Right := Left + BtnWidth;
Bottom := Top + BtnHeight;
end;
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.Paint;
var
GlyphRect: TRect;
begin
if not FVisible then Exit;
with TCanvas.Create do
begin
try
Handle := GetWindowDC(FForm.Handle); //得到窗体DC,包括标题栏、菜单、滚动条等
Brush.Color := FColor; //画Button凸起和按下时的外观
if FButtonDown then
Pen.Color := clBtnHighlight
else
Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow;
Rectangle(BoundsRect);
with BoundsRect do
begin
if FButtonDown then
Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow
else
Pen.Color := clBtnHighLight;
MoveTo(Left,Bottom-2);
LineTo(Left,Top);
LineTo(Right-1,Top);
Pen.Color := clGray;
if FButtonDown then
begin
MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-3);
LineTo(Left+1,Top+1);
LineTo(Right-2,Top+1);
end
else begin
MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-2);
LineTo(Right-2,Bottom-2);
LineTo(Right-2,Top);
end;
end;
if Assigned(Glyph) then //如果关联了图片,则画图片
begin
GlyphRect := BoundsRect;
GlyphRect.Right := GlyphRect.Right - 7;
GlyphRect.Bottom := GlyphRect.Bottom - 5;
if FButtonDown then
OffsetRect(GlyphRect,4,3)
else
OffsetRect(GlyphRect,3,2);
with GlyphRect do
StretchBlt(Handle, Left, Top, Right-Left, Bottom-Top,
FGlyph.Canvas.Handle, 0, 0, FGlyph.Width, FGlyph.Height, srcCopy);
end;
finally
ReleaseDC(FForm.Handle,Handle);
Free;
end;
end;
end;
procedure TTitleBarButton.Repaint;
begin
Paint;
end;
end.
另外,还可以对这个组件进一步扩展,扩展其它任一窗体,只要知道了窗体的Handle就行了。
本文地址:http://com.8s8s.com/it/it5652.htm