实例学习 Struts(转)

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[Struts] 实例学习 Struts
快做爸爸的熊 @ 2004-07-31 14:27

转自http://vip.6to23.com/hanson/htdocs/struts.htm

选用纯 JSP 还是纯 Servlet 设计站点都有它的局限性,Struts 就是把它们联系在一起的一种有力工具。采用 Struts 能开发出基于 MVC 模式的应用,关于 MVC 的概念可以参见 GoF 的《设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础》。

你现在要做的是,下载、安装、配置好以下的工具,版本不同的话操作可能会有些差异,具体的看它们的文档吧:

Tomcat 4.1.24
Apache 2.0.43, w/ mod_jk2 2.0.43
Java 2 SDK Standard Edition 1.4.0
Struts 1.1
Eclipse 2.1.0
Struts 是用 Java 写的,应此它需要 JDK 1.2 或者更高版本。如果你用的是 JDK 1.4,就像我,XML parser 和 JDBC 2.0 Optional Package Binary 就已经被默认的包含了。

新项目
在这个例程中我们要开发一个简单的 web 应用,允许用户登录和注销。简单起见,数据被设定为常数,而不是保存在数据库中,毕竟这里要讲的是 Struts,而不是 Java。

首先在你的 Tomcat 配置的应用主目录中创建一个目录,比方说 logonApp。在 logonApp 中创建目录 src 和 WEB-INF,在 WEB-INF 中创建目录 classes 和 lib,从 Struts 的分发中拷贝 struts.jar 到 lib 目录,而且也把拷贝 $CATALINA_HOME/common/lib/servlets.jar 到 lib 目录。从 Struts 的分发中拷贝所有的 struts*.tld 到 WEB-INF 目录。

现在打开 Eclipse,你会看到四个 view。现在我们要建立一个新的项目,点击 File -> New Project,打开了一个窗口,在第一个窗格中选择 Java,在第二个窗格中选择 Java Project,点击 Next。输入项目名称(为了好记,就也叫 logonApp 吧),去掉 use default 复选框的对勾,浏览到 logonApp 目录,点击 Next。出现一个新的窗口,在 Source tab 上点击 Add Folder,添加 $APP_BASE/src,在 Default output folder 中填入 $APP_BASE/WEB-INF/classes,点击 Finish。点击 Window -> Open Perspective -> Resource,看看 .project 文件是否已经自动包含了 lib 目录中所有的 jar 文件。

你的 logonApp/WEB-INF/web.xml 应该如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app
 PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>
 <!-- Action Servlet Configuration -->
 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>config</param-name>
     <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>

 <!-- Action Servlet Mapping -->
 <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

 <!-- The Welcome File List -->
 <welcome-file-list>
   <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>

 <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->
 <taglib>
   <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
   <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
 </taglib>

 <taglib>
   <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
   <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
 </taglib>

 <taglib>
   <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
   <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
 </taglib>
</web-app>

Struts 的配置文件 logonApp/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml 如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
         "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN"
         "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">

<struts-config>
 <form-beans>
   <form-bean name="logonForm"
     type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorForm">
     <form-property name="username" type="java.lang.String"/>
     <form-property name="password" type="java.lang.String"/>
   </form-bean>
 </form-beans>

 <global-forwards>
   <forward   name="success"              path="/main.jsp"/>
   <forward   name="logoff"               path="/logoff.do"/>
 </global-forwards>

 <action-mappings>
   <action    path="/logon"
              type="org.monotonous.struts.LogonAction"
              name="logonForm"
              scope="session"
              input="logon">
   </action>

   <action    path="/logoff"
              type="org.monotonous.struts.LogoffAction">
     <forward name="success"              path="/index.jsp"/>
   </action>
 </action-mappings>

 <controller>
   <!-- The "input" parameter on "action" elements is the name of a
        local or global "forward" rather than a module-relative path -->
   <set-property property="inputForward" value="true"/>
 </controller>

 <message-resources parameter="org.monotonous.struts.ApplicationResources"/>
</struts-config>
创建 View
现在回到 Eclipse,建立一个新页面 index.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>

<html:html locale="true">
<head>
 <title><bean:message key="index.title" /></title>
 <html:base/>
</head>

<body>
<html:errors/>
<html:form action="/logon">
 <bean:message key="prompt.username"/>
 <html:text property="username"/>
 <br/>
 <bean:message key="prompt.password"/>
 <html:password property="password"/>
 <br/>
 <html:submit>
   <bean:message key="index.logon"/>
 </html:submit>
</html:form>
</body>
</html:html>
成功登录后的页面 main.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>

<html:html>
<head>
 <title><bean:message key="main.title"/></title>
 <html:base/>
</head>
<body>
<html:link forward="logoff">
<bean:message key="main.logoff"/>
</html:link>
</body>
</html:html>
你可能注意到这两个页面中都使用了方便国际化的特性,这至少需要一个默认的属性文件 ApplicationResources.properties:
index.title=Struts Homepage
prompt.username=Username
prompt.password=Password
index.logon=Log on
main.title=Struts Main page
main.logoff=Log off
error.password.mismatch=Invalid username and/or password.
创建 Controller
LogonAction.java:
package org.monotonous.struts;

import java.util.Locale;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionError;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;

public final class LogonAction extends Action {
   public ActionForward execute(
       ActionMapping mapping,
       ActionForm form,
       HttpServletRequest request,
       HttpServletResponse response)
       throws Exception {
       Locale locale = getLocale(request);
       MessageResources messages = getResources(request);

       // Validate the request parameters specified by the user
       ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
       String username =
           (String) PropertyUtils.getSimpleProperty(form, "username");
       String password =
           (String) PropertyUtils.getSimpleProperty(form, "password");

       if ((username != "foo") || (password != "bar"))
           errors.add(ActionErrors.GLOBAL_ERROR,
               new ActionError("error.password.mismatch"));

       // Report any errors we have discovered back to the original form
       if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
           saveErrors(request, errors);
           return (mapping.getInputForward());
       }

       // Save our logged-in user in the session
       HttpSession session = request.getSession();
       // Do something with session...

       // Remove the obsolete form bean
       if (mapping.getAttribute() != null) {
           if ("request".equals(mapping.getScope()))
               request.removeAttribute(mapping.getAttribute());
           else
               session.removeAttribute(mapping.getAttribute());
       }

       // Forward control to the specified success URI
       return (mapping.findForward("success"));
   }
}
LogoffAction.java:
package org.monotonous.struts;

import java.util.Locale;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources;

public final class LogoffAction extends Action {
   public ActionForward execute(
       ActionMapping mapping,
       ActionForm form,
       HttpServletRequest request,
       HttpServletResponse response)
       throws Exception {

       Locale locale = getLocale(request);
       MessageResources messages = getResources(request);
       HttpSession session = request.getSession();

       session.removeAttribute("userattrib");
       session.invalidate();

       // Forward control to the specified success URI
       return (mapping.findForward("success"));
   }
}
到浏览器里面欣赏一下吧,不过还不到开香槟的时候,也许你应该为这个应用考虑一些安全措施,下一次我再讲咯。

 

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